ADAM

some men remains earthy, while that ot some has become heavenly (v."). But further, in his present state man is the exact counterpart ot the first man, because of his corporate union with him; but the time is coming when he shall become the exact counterpart ot the Second Man (cf. Gn 22«f ■), because of our spiritual union with Him (v.").

4. In Ph 2' there is an implied contrast between 'Christ Jesus, who . . . deemed it not a thing to be snatched at to be on an equahty with God,' and Adam, who took fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, which God said had made him 'as one of us' (Gn 322).

6. On 1 Ti 2'"- see Eve; and on Jude » see Enoch.

A. H. M'Neile.

ADAM (city). — A city in the Jordan valley, 'beside Zarethan' (Jos 3"); usually identified with Jisr ed-Damieh, near the confluence of the Jabbok and the Jordan, where there was once a bridge. Hiram, Solo-mon's worker in brass, may have had his furnace here (cf. 1 K 7«). G. L. Robinson.

ADAMAH.— A fortified city of Naphtali (Jos 19*1); identified by Conder with 'Admah on the plateau north of Bethshean; placed by the Palestine explorers at ed-Damieh, 5 miles S.W. of Tiberias. See Adami-nekeb

ADAMAKT is twice (Ezk 3», Zee 712) used in AV and RV as tr. of Shamir, which is elsewhere rendered either 'brier' (Is 58 7«- »■ ^ Q" 10" 27'i 32'3) or 'diamond' (Jer 17'). 'Diamond,' which arose from 'adamant' by a variety of spelling ('adamant,' or 'adimant,' then 'diamant' or 'diamond'), has displaced 'adamant' as the name of the precious stone, 'adamant' being now used rhetorically to express extreme hardness.

ADAMI-NEKEB.— 'The pass Adami' (Jos 19=3), on the border of Naphtali. Neubauer and G. A. Smith identify it with ed-Damieh, 5 miles S.W. of Tiberias. See Adamah. G. L. Robinbon.

ADAR (Ezr 61', Est 3'- " 812 9i- «"•, 1 Mac 7"- ", 2 Mac 15'«, Est lO"^ 136 i6zo)._The 12th month in the later Jewish Calendar. See Time.

ADASA. — A town near Bethhoron (1 Mac 7"- ", Jos. Ant. XII. X. 6), now the ruin 'Adaseh near Gibeon.

ADBEEL.— The third son of Ishmael (Gn 25", 1 Ch 1^'), eponym of the N. Arab, tribe, which appears in cuneiform inscrip. as Idiba'il or Idibi'al, and which had its settlements S.W. of the Dead Sea.

ADDAN (1 Es 5=6).— Some of the inhabitants of this place returned with Zerubbabel, but were unable to prove their true Isr. descent by showing to what clan or family they belonged (Ezr 269). The name does not appear in the later lists in Ezr 10, Neh 10. In Neh 76' it appears as Addon.

ADDAR. — 1. A town on the border of Judah south of Beersheba (Jos 156). The site is unknown. 2. See Akd.

ADDER.— See Sebpent.

ADDI. — An ancestor of Jesus, Lk 3".

ADDO. — The grandfather of the prophet Zeehariah (1 Bs 6'). See Iddo.

ADDON.— Neh 7"^. See Addan.

ADDUS.— 1. His 'sons 'returned with Zerub. (lEs56<); omitted in the parallel lists in Ezr 2, Neh 7. 2. See Jaddub.

ADIDA. — A town in the Shephelah (Jos. Ant. xiii. vi. 5) fortified by Simon the Hasmonaean (1 Mac 1268 13"). See Hadid.

ADIEL ('ornament of God'). — 1. A Simeonite prince, 1 Ch 466ff- 2. A priest, 1 Ch 9'^. 3. The father of Azmaveth, David's treasurer, 1 Ch 27^6.

ADIN (Ezr 2i6 8«, Neh T" 10", 1 Es 5"m 862).— See Abintj.

ADINA.— A Reubenite chief, 1 Ch 11«.

ADINO. — The present Heb. text of 2 S 23^ is corrupt.

ADONIJAH

the true reading being preserved in the parallel passage 1 Ch ll'i 'Jashobeam, the son of a Hachmonite, he lifted up his spear.' The last clause, hn ' Brer eth-hanltho, was corrupted into hu 'adlnS ha'elsnl, and then taken erroneously as a proper name, being treated as an alter-native to the preceding ' Josheb-basshebeth, a Tahche-monite' (see Jashobeam).

ADINTJ (1 Es 5", called Adiu in S"). — His descendants returned with Zerub. to the number of 454 (1 Es 5", Ezr 216) or 655 (Neh T"). A second party of 61 (Ezr 86) or 251 (1 Es 862) accompanied Ezra. They are men-tioned among 'the chiefs of the people' who sealed the covenant (Neh 10").

ADITHAIM (Jos 1566).— A town of Judah in the She-phelah. The site is unknown.

ADLAI. — The father of Shaphat, one of David's herdsmen, 1 Ch 272'.

ADMAH (Gn 10" 142- s, Dt 2925, jjos 11').- One of the cities of the Ciccar or 'Round.' It is not noticed as overthrown in the account of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (Gn 19), but is included in their catastrophe in the two later passages.

ADMATHA (Est 1"). — One of the seven wise men or counsellors of Ahasuerus, who were granted admittance to the king's presence (cf. 2 K 25").

ADMIRATION. — This word in AV means no more than wonder, as Rev 17" ' I wondered with great admiration' (RV 'with a great wonder').

ADNA ('pleasure'). — 1. A contemporary of Ezra, who married a foreign wife (Ezr lO""). 2. The head of the priestly house of Harim (Neh 12").

ADNAH. — 1 . A Manassite officer of Saul who deserted toDavidatZiklag(lCh 122"). 2. An ofiicer in Jehosha-phat's army (2 Ch 17").

ADONI-BEZEK (perhaps a corrupted form of Adoni-zedek, Jos 10' -2'). — A king of Bezek (a different place from that mentioned in 1 S 11'), who was de-feated by Simeon and Judah. The mutilation inflicted upon him — the cutting off ot the thumbs and great toes — was in order to render him harmless, while re-taining him as a trophy; but he died on reaching Jerusalem. Adoni-bezek boasted of having mutilated seventy kings in a similar manner. The passage (Jg 16-') which speaks of Adoni-bezek does not appear to be intact; the original form probably gave more details. W. O. E. Oestemley.

ADONUAH CJah is Lord').— 1. The fourth of the six sons of David who were born in Hebron; his mother was Haggith, a name which is possibly of Philistine origin (2 S 3''). The story ot Adonijah (typical of many an Oriental court intrigue) is recorded in 1 K 1. 2' -66; as here recounted it permits of more than one interpretation, for that this passage has been subjected to an 'editorial' process can scarcely be doubted, and, in. face of the difficulties of interpretation brought about by this, we are forced to reconstruct the course ot events to some extent.

After the death of Absalom, Adonijah became the rightful heir to the throne; there was no sort of doubt about his right, it was taken for granted both by himself and by the people at large (1 K 2"). But Bathsheba, it appears, was anxious to secure the succession for her son, Solomon; with this object in view, she, assisted by the prophet Nathan, heads a party at the court inimical to the claims of Adonijah. It would not have been long before the friends of Adonijah discovered the intrigue that was on foot; and Adonijah, learning the peril he was in of losing his rightful succession, concerts means for counteracting the machinations of his enemies. The old, trusted servants of the kingdom, Joab and Abiathar, rally round him, as one would expect; he gathers his friends together at the stone of Zoheleth, and by the visible act of sacrificing, pro-claims his kingship; this last was, however, an act of

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