DODAVAHU

D0DAVAH1T (' beloved of J", ' AV Dodavah) .—Father of Eliezei of Mareshah, the prophet who censured Jehoshaphat for entering into aUiance with Ahaziah (2 Ch 20").

DODO (so the Qerg, Kethibh Dodai).— 1. The father of Eleazar, the second of the three captains who were over 'the thirty' (2 S 23'). In the parallel Ust (1 Ch ll'^) the name is given as Dodo and also ' the Ahohite ' for the erroneous ' son of Ahohl.' In the third Ust (1 Ch 27') Dodai is described as general of the second division of the army, but the words 'Eleazar the son of appear to have been accidentally omitted. The traditional spelling (Dodo) is most probably right: the name Dudu has been found on the Tell el- Amarna tablets, apparently as that of an Amorite official at the Egyp. court. 2. A Bethlehemite, father of Elhanan, one of 'the thirty' {2 S 23", 1 Ch 112«). 3. A man of Issachar, the fore-father of Tola the judge (Jg 10').

DOE.— RV (Pr 5"), AV 'roe,' is in Heb. ya'alah, the female ibex. See ' Wild goat, s.v. Goat.

DOEG. — An Edomite, and chief of the herdmen [or better, ' runners,' reading ha-ratslm for ha-rd' Im] of king Saul. When David fled to Nob to Ahimelech (or Ahijah) the priest, Doeg was there ' detained before the Lord.' Upon his report Saul ordered Ahimelech and his companions to be slain. The order was carried out by Doeg, when the rest of the king's guard shrank from obeying it (1 S 21' 22=-"). Doeg is mentioned in the title of Ps. 52.

DOG. — All the Bible references to dogs breathe the modern .Oriental feeling with regard to them; they refer to the common pariah dogs. These creatures are in all their ways repulsive, and in the majority of cases they have not even outward attractiveness. They live in and around the streets, and act as scavengers. In the environs of Jerusalem, e.g. the Valley of Hinnom, where carcases are cast out, they may be seen prowUng around and consuming horrible, putrid bodies, or lying stretched near the rfemains of their meal, satiated with their loath-some repast. Whole companies of dogs consume the oftal of the slaughter-house. There is not the slightest doubt that they would consume human bodies to-day had they the opportunity ; indeed, cases do occur from time to time (cf. 1 K 14" 16i 21"- «" 2238, 2 K 9'»- », Jer 15', Ps 68«). All night they parade the streets (Ps Sg«. H-16), each company jealously guarding that district which they have annexed, and fighting with noisy onslaught any canine stranger who ventures to invade their territory. Such a quarrel may start all the dogs in the city into a hideous chorus of furious barks. In many parts these creatures are a real danger, and the wise man leaves them alone (Pr 26"). When they attach themselves, quite uninvited, to certain houses or encampments, they defend them from all intruders (Is 56'°). To call a man a 'dog' is a dire Insult, but by no means an uncommon one from an arrogant superior to one much below him, and to apply such an epithet to himself on the part of an inferior is an ex-pression of humility (2 K 8" etc.). A 'dead dog' is an even lower stage; it is an all too common object, an unclean animal in a condition of putridity left uncon-sumed even by his companions (1 S 24" etc.). The feeling against casting bread to a dog is a strong one; bread is sacred, and to cast it to dogs is even to-day strongly condemned in Palestine (Mk 7").

The shepherd dog (Job 30') is, as a rule, a very superior animal; many of these are handsome beasts of a Kurdish breed, and have the intelligent ways and habits of our best shepherds' dogs at home.

Greyhounds are still bred by some Bedouin in S. Palestine, and are used for hunting the gazelle; they are treated very differently from the pariah dogs. Pr 30" is a very doubtful reference to the greyhound; RVm has 'war horse,' LXX 'cock.'

The ' price of a dog' (Dt 23") evidently has reference

DOSITHEUS

to degraded practices of the qedeshtm (' male prostitutes ') connected with the worship at ' Baal ' temples.

E. W. G. Mastbrman.

DOK. — A fortress near Jericho, where Simon the Maccabee, along with two of his sons, was murdered by his son-in-law Ptolemy, 1 Mac 16'6. The name survives in the modern ' Ain DUk, 4 miles N.W. of Jericho.

DOLEFUL OEEATUEE.— See Jackal.

DOMINION. — Lordship, or the possession and exercise of the power to rule. In Gol 1« the word is used in the plural, along with 'thrones, principaUties, and powers,' to denote supernatural beings possessed of the power of lordship, and ranking as so many kings, princes, and potentates of the heavenly regions. The same word in the singular, and inessentially the same meaning, appears in Eph l^i, where allusion is made to the exalta-tion of Christ 'far above all rule, and authority, and power, and dominion, and every name that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to come.' There is no necessary reference in either of these texts to evil angels, but a comparison of what is written in Eph 2^ 6'^ shows that ' the spiritual hosts of wickedness in the heavenly places' need not be ex-cluded. Similar indefinlteness is apparent in the other two passages, 2 P 2'", Jude ', where the same word is found. It is understood by some to refer here to the lordship of civil rulers, or to any concrete representative of such lordship. Others believe that the reference is to angels, either good or evil, as representing some form of supernatural power and dominion, and the reference in the context to Michael, the archangel, not bringing a raihng judgment even against thedevil, may be thought to favour this view. A third explanation is also possible, and is favoured by the mention in Jude < of ' our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ.' Those ungodly men, who deny the Lord Jesus, would not hesitate to despise, set at nought, and rail at all manner of glorious lord-ships and dignities. See Authority, Power.

M. S. Terry.

DOOR, DOORKEEPER, DOORPOST.— See House, § 6. For 'doorkeeper' in the Temple, see Priests and Levites.

DOPHKAH .— A station in the itinerary of the children of Israel (Nu 33'".). This station and the next one, Alush, which lie between the 'encampment by the sea' and Rephidim, have not been identified, and they are not alluded to in Exodus. It is possible that Dophkah is an erroneous transcription of Mafkah, the name of an Egyp. district near the Wady Maghara.

DOR. — One of the cities which joined Jabin against Joshua (Jos 112), and whdse king was killed (12^'). It lay apparently on or near the border between Manasseh and Asher, so that its possession was ambiguous (17"). The aborigines were not driven out (Jg l^'). It was administered by Ben-abinadab for Solomon (1 K 4"). Though Josephus refers to it as on the sea-coast, and it is traditionally equated to Tantura, north of Csesarea, the reference to the 'heights of Dor' rather suggests that it was in some hilly district such as the slope of the range of Carmel. The name seems quite forgotten. R. A. S. Macalister.

DORCAS (Gr. form of Aram. Tabitha, lit. 'gazelle,' Ac Q'""). — The name of a Christian woman at Joppa, 'full of good works and alrasdeeds,' who, having died, was raised by St. Peter's prayer and the words ' Tabitha, arise.' The description recalls the 'TaUtha cumi' scene in Jairus' house (Mk 5"). A. J. Maclean.

DORYMENES.— The father of Ptolemy Macron, who was a trusted friend of Antiochus Epiphanes (2 Mac 4«), and was chosen by Lysias to command the Syrian army in Pal. in conjunction with Nicanor and Gorgias (1 Mac 3=8).

DOSITHETTS .—1 . The priest who, according to a note in one of the Greek recensions of .Esther, brought the

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