HAPHARAIM

Macedonia come with mee, and find you unprepared, wee (that wee say not, you) should bee ashamed in this same confident boasting.'

HAPHARAIM.— A town in Issachar (Jos IQi'). The Onomasiicon places it 6 Roman miles N. of Legio. It is probably Khirbet el-Farnyeh, an ancient site with noteworthy tombs, to the N.W. of el-LejJun.

W. EwiNQ.

HAPPIZZEZ . — The head of the 18th course of priests (1 Ch 24").

HARA. — Mentioned in 1 Ch 5» as one of the places to which Israelites were deported by the king of Assyria on the capture of Samaria. But in the corresponding accounts (2 K 17» 18") Hara is not mentioned, and most probably the name 'Hara' in 1 Ch ff" is due to a corruption of the text. There is much to be said for the suggestion that the original text read hare MBdai, 'mountains of Media,' corresponding to the cities of Media of the parallel passages (LXX 'the Median mountains'); and that MOdai dropped out of the text, and hare, 'mountains of,' was changed to the proper name Hara. L. W. King.

HARADAH. — A station in the journeyings of the IsraeUtes. mentioned only in Nu 33"- ^. It has not been identified.

HARAN. — 1. Son of Terah, younger brother of Abram, and father of Lot, Gn 11^ (P), also father of Milcah and Iscah, v.^' (J). 2. A Gershonite Levite (1 Ch 23=).

HARAN. — A city in the N.W. of Mesopotamia, marked by the modern village of Harran, situated on the Belikh, a tributary of the Euphrates, and about nine hours' ride S.E. of Edessa (C/rfo). "Terah and his son Abram and his family dwelt there on their way from Ur of the Chaldees to Canaan (Gn 11" 12'- 6; cf. Ac 7^), and Terah died there (Gn 11'^; cf. Ac T). Nahor, Abram's brother, settled there; hence it is called 'the city of Nahor' in the story of Isaac and Jacob (cf. Gn 2410 27"). Its position on one of the main trade-routes between Babylonia and the Mediterranean coast rendered it commercially of great importance (cf. Ezk 27^). It was the chief seat of the worship of Sin, the moon-god, and the frequent references to the city in the Asssrian inscriptions have to do mainly with the worship of this deity and the restoration of his temple. It is probable that Haran rebelled along with the city of Ashur in B.C. 763, and a reference to its subsequent capture and the suppression of the revolt may be seen in 2 K 19'^; Sargon later on restored the ancient religious privileges of which the city had been then deprived. The worship of the moon-god at Haran appears to have long survived the introduction of Christianity. L. W. Kino.

HARABITE. — An epithet of doubtful meaning (possibly 'mountain-dweller,' but more probably ' native of [an unknown] Harar ') applied to two of David's heroes. 1. Shammah the son of Agee (2 S 23"- "', 1 Ch U" [where Shagee should probably be Shammah]). 2. Ahiam the son of Sharar (2 S 23» [RV Ararite], 1 Ch IIM).

HARBONA (Est li«) or HARBONAH (7»).— The third of the seven eunuchs or chamberlains of king Ahasuerus. It was on his suggestion that Haman was hanged upon the gallows which he had prepared for Mordecai.

HARD. — Besides other meanings which are still in use, ' hard ' sometimes means dose: Jg 9^^ ■ And Abimelech . . . went hard unto the door of the tower to burn it with fire'; Ps 63* 'My soul followeth hard after thee'; Ac 18' 'Justus . . . whose house joined hard to the synagogue.' Cf. Job 17' in Coverdale, 'I am harde at deathes dore.'

Hardiness is used in Jth le'" for courage: 'the Medes were daunted at her hardiness ' (RV ' boldness ') .

Hardly means either 'harshly,' as Gn 16' 'Sarai dealt

HARIPH

hardly with her," or 'with difficulty,' as Ex 13" 'Pharaoh would hardly let us go'; Mt 19'» 'a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of heaven'; Lk 9'" ' bruising him, hardly departeth from him ' ; Ac 27* ' And, hardly passing it, came unto a place which is called The fair havens.' So Adams (// Peter 1*) 'He that hath done evil once, shall more hardly resist it at the next assault.'

Hardness for modern 'hardship' occurs in 2 Ti 2' ' endure hardness as a good soldier.' Cf . Shakespeare, Cymb. III. vi. 21 —

'Hardness ever Of hardiness is mother.'

HARDENING.— Both in the OT (1 S 6=) and in the NT (Ro 9'") Pharaoh's hardening is regarded as typical. In Exodus, two explanations are given of his stubborn-ness: (1) 'Pharaoh hardened his heart' (8"- '"); (2) 'the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh' (9"). ■The former statement recognizes man's moral responsi-bility, and is in accord with the exhortation, ' Harden not your hearts' (Ps 958, jje 3*). To the latter state-ment St. Paul confines his thought when he insists on the sovereignty of God as manifested in the election of grace (Ro 9'*); but having vindicated the absolute freedom of the Divine action, the Apostle proceeds to show that the Divine choice is neither arbitrary nor unjust. The difficulty involved in combining the two statements is pMlosophical rather than theological. 'The attempt to understand the relation between the human will and the Divine seems to lead of necessity to an antinomy which thought has not as yet succeeded in transcending' (Denney, EGT ii. 663). The same Divine action softens the heart of him who repents and finds mercy, but hardens the heart of him who obstinately refuses to give heed to the Divine call. 'The sweet persuasion of His voice respects thy sanctity of will.' The RV rightly renders Mk 3' 'being grieved at the hardening of their heart'; grief is the permanent attitude of the Saviour towards all in whom there is any sign of this 'process of moral ossification which renders men insensible to spiritual truth ' (Swete, Com, in loc). J. G. Tasker.

HARE (Lv 11«, Dt 14'). — Four species of hare are known in Palestine, of which the commonest is the Lepus syriacus. The hare does not really 'chew the cud,' though, like the coney, it appears to do so; it was, however, unclean because it did not 'divide the hoof.' Hares are to-day eaten by the Arabs.

E. W. G. Masteeman.

HAREPH.— A Judahite chief (1 Ch 2").

HARHAIAH. — Father of Uzziah, a goldsmith who repaired a portion of the wall of Jerusalem (Neh 3*).

HARHAS. — Ancestor of Shallum, the husband of Huldah the prophetess (2 K 22") ; called Hasrah in 2 Ch 34ffl.

HARHUR. — Eponym of a family of Nethinim (Ezr 25', Neh 7«i); called in 1 Es 5" Asur.

HARm. — ^1. A lay family which appears in the list of the returning exiles (Ezr 2*'=Neh 7^); of those who had married foreign wives (Ezr 10"); and of those who signed the covenant (Neh 10"). 2. A priestly family in the same lists (Ezr 2'= = Neh 7'^ = 1 Es 52s Harim; Ezr 10", Neh 10'). The name is found also among 'the priests and Levites that went up with Zerubbabel' (Neh 12', where it is miswritten Rehum); among the heads of priestly families in the days of Joiakim (Neh 12"); and as the third of the 24 courses (1 Ch 248). To which family Malchijah the son of Harim, one of the builders of the wall (Neh 3"), be-longed cannot be determined.

HARIPH. — A family which returned with Zerubbabel (Neh 7^") and signed the covenant (Neh 10") =Ezr 218 Jorah, 1 Es 6" Arsiphurith ; one of David's companions in 1 Ch 12' is termed a Haruphite (Kethibh),

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