HEDGE

bath.' There is a remarkable stone-built enclosure near by called Bdmat el-KhalU; it has been attempted to show this to be Samuel's Ramah; probably, however, it is nothing more important than a MusUm khan, built out of earlier materials. R. A. S. Macalisteb.

HEDGE.— (1) mesukah, a thorn hedge (Is 5»). (2) gOdlr or gedlrah — probably a stone wall (Ps Sg^'etc). (3) phragmoa (Gr.), Mt 2133, Mk 12', Lk 14M— a ' partition ' of any kind. E. W. G. Masterman.

HEGAI or HEGE (Est 28- « 2»).— A eunuch of Ahasuerus, and keeper of the women, to whom the maidens were entrusted before they were brought in to the king.

HEGEMONIDES (2 Mac 13M).— An officer left in command of the district from Ptolemais to the Gerrenians, by Lysias when he was forced to return to Syria to oppose the chancellor Philip (B.C. 162).

HEIPEE.— The heifer was used in agriculture (Jg 14'8, Jer SO", Hos 10"), and in religious ritual (On 15', 1 S 162, Nu 19^<- etc.). Israel is compared to a heifer in Hos 4", and so is Egypt in Jer 462", and ChaldKa in Jer 50". See also Ox, Red Heifer.

E. W. G. Masterman.

HEIR, — See Inheritance.

HELAH. — One of the wives of Ashhur the ' father ' of Tekoa (1 Ch 46- ?).

HELAM. — The Aramseans from beyond the river, whom Hadarezer summoned to his aid, came to Helam (2 S 10") and were there met and defeated by David (v."'). So far as the form of the word is concerned, IMam in v." might mean 'their army.' There can, however, be little doubt that the LXX, Pesh. and Targ. are right in taking it as a proper name. Upon the ground of the LXX some introduce Helam also in Ezk 47". In this case it must have lain on the border between Damascus and Hamath.

HELBAH.— A town of Asher (Jg 1"). Its identity is quite uncertain.

HELBON. — A place celebrated in old times for the excellence of its wines (Ezk 27"). It is identified with Halbun, about 12 miles N. of Damascus. Grapes are still grown extensively on the surrounding slopes.

W. EWING.

HELDAI. — 1. The captain of the military guard appointed for the twelfth monthly course of the Temple service (1 Ch 27"). He is probably to be identified with 'Heleb the son of Baanah the Netophathite,' one of David's thirty heroes (2 S 232»). In the parallel hst (1 Ch lis») the name is more correctly given as Heled. ■The form Hddai is supported by Zee 6'°, and should probably be restored in the other two passages. 2. According to Zee e'", one of a small band who brought gifts of gold and silver from Babylon to those of the exiles who had returned under Zerubbabei. From these gifts Zechariah was told to make a crown for Joshua the high priest, which was to be placed in the Temple as a memorial of Heldal and his companions. In V." Helem is clearly an error for Heldai.

HELEB (2 S 23«).— See Heldai, 1.

HELED (1 Ch 113»).— See Heldai, 1.

HELEK. — Son of Gilead the Manassite, Nu 26*°, Jos 17* (P). Patronymic, Helekites, Nu 26»».

HELEM.— 1. A man of Asher (1 Ch 7»).— 2. See Heldai, 2.

HELEPH. — A town on the border of Naphtali (Jos IQ^s). Although mentioned in the Talmud (Megillah, 1. 1, Heleph has not been identified.

HELEZ.— 1. One of David's thirty heroes (2 S 23»). He is described as 'the Paltite,' i.e. a native of Beth-pelet in the Negeb of Judah (cf. Jos 15", Neh ll*"). But in the two parallel lists (1 Ch 11" and 27"') both the Hebrew text and the LXX read 'the Pelonite.'

HELPS

The former reading is further inconsistent with 1 Ch 27'", where Helez is expressly designated as 'of the children of Ephraim.' He was in command of the military guard appointed for the seventh monthly course of the Temple service. See Pelonite. 2. A Judahite (1 Ch 238).

HELI. — 1. The father of Joseph, in the genealogy of Jesus (Lk 323). 2. An ancestor of Ezra (2 Es 1*); omitted in parallel passages, 1 Es 8*, Ezr 7*- '.

HELIODORUS.— The chancellor of Seleucus iv. Philopator. At the instigation of Apollonius he was sent by the king to plunder the private treasures kept in the Temple of Jerus. ; but was prevented from carry-ing out his design by an apparition (2 Mac S'*-). In B.C. 175, Hellodorus murdered Seleucus, and attempted to seize the Syrian crown; but he was driven out by Eumenes of Pergamus and his brother Attalus; and Antiochus Epiphanes, brother of Seleucus, ascended the throne. There is commonly supposed to be a reference to Heliodorus in Dn ll*", but the interpretation of the passage is doubtful. Further, he is frequently reckoned as one of the ten or the three kings of Dn7"-

HELKAI.— A priest (Neh 12").

HELKATH. — A Levitical city belonging to the tribe of Asher (Jos 19*5 21'i). The site is uncertain. The same place, owing probably to a textual error, appears in 1 Ch 6" as Hukok.

HELKATH-HAZZURIKE.— The name given to the spot at Gibeon where the fatal combat took place between the twelve champions chosen on either side from the men of Abner and Joab (2 S 2"). The name means 'the field of sword edges.'

HELKIAS.— 1. The high priest Hilkiah in Josiah's reign. He is mentioned in 1 Es l'=2 Ch 35' as a governor of the Temple, subscribing handsomely to Josiah's great Passover; in 1 Es 8' (cf. Ezr 7') as the great-grandfather of Ezra; and in Bar 1' as father of Joakim, who was governor of the Temple in the reign of Zedekiah. 2. A distant ancestor of Baruch (Bar 1'.) 3. The father of Susanna (Sus !-").

HELL. — See EscHATOLOQT, Gehenna, Hadeb.Sheol.

HELLENISM.— See Education, Greece.

HELMET.— See Abmoub, § 2 (6).

HELON. — Father of EUab, the prince of Zebulun at the first census, Nu 1» 2' 7"- ™ 10" (P).

HELPS. — Ac 27" 'they used helps, undergirding the ships.' The reference is to 'cables passed round the hull of the ship, and tightly secured on deck, to prevent the timbers from starting, especially amidships, where in ancient vessels with one large mast the strain was very great. The technical English word is trapping, but the process has only been rarely employed since the early part of the century, owing to improvements in shipbuilding' (Page's Acts of the Apostles; see Smith's Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Pavl, p. 105).

HELPS.— In 1 Co 1228 St. Paul, in order to show the diversity in unity found in the Church as the body of Christ, gives a Ust of services performed by various members of the churchly body. In the course of his enumeration he uses two Gr. nouns (antilimpseis and kyhernlseis) employed nowhere else in the NT, and rendered in EV 'helps,' 'governments.' 'Helps' may suggest a lowly kind of service, as of one who acts as assistant to a superior. The usage of the Gr. word, however, both in the LXX and in the papyri, points to succour given to the needy by those who are stronger; and this is borne out for the NT when the same word in its verbal form occurs in St. Paul's exhortation to the elders of the Ephesian Church to 'help the weak' (Ac 20" RV). ' Helps' in this Ust of churchly gifts and services thus denotes such attentions to the poor and afSicted as were specially assigned at a later time to the office of the deacon; while 'governments' (RVm

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