PAARAI.—
See
Naaeai.
PACE.
—
See
Weights
and
MEAsmiEa.
PACHON
(month).—
See
Time.
PADDAN,
PADDAN-ARAM
(the
former
in
Gn
48'
only).
—
The
name
used
by
P
for
the
region
(or
a
part
of
it)
designated
by
J
Aram-Naharaim
(see
Akam):
see
Gn
282-
'•
'
31"
33"
35'-
"
46".
Padanu
in
Assyr.
denotes
a
measure
of
land
(cf.
'field
of
Aram'
in
Hos.
1212).
PADDLE
occurs
only
In
Dt
231',
where
it
is
used
of
a
wooden
tool
for
digging,
a
spade.
In
earlier
English
a
small
spade
used
for
cleaning
the
plough-share
was
called
a
'paddle,'
which
explains
the
choice
of
this
word
in
the
Geneva
Bible,
whence
it
reached
AV
and
EV.
PADON.
—
A
family
of
Nethinim
who
returned
with
Zerub.,
Ezr
2"
=Neh
7";
called
in
1
Es
5"
Phaleas.
PAGIEL.—
Chief
of
the
tribe
of
Asher
(Nu
1"
2"
7"-
"
10»«).
PAHATH-MOAB.
—
The
name
of
a
Jewish
clan
which
consisted
of
two
branches,
Jeshua
and
Joab.
Part
of
it
returned
with
Zerubbabel,
part
with
Ezra,
and
part
remained
in
Babylon.
The
word
has
been
read
to
mean
'governor
of
Moab,'
and
referred
to
a
dominion
once
exercised
over
Moab.
It
is,
however,
more
probable
that
we
have
a
corrupted
text.
See
Ezr
2«
8>,
Neh
7"
in
1
Es
6"
8"
Phaath
Moab
PALESTINE.—
1.
Situation
and
name.—
The
land
of
Palestine
is
the
territory
which
lies
between
the
Mediter-ranean
Sea
and
the
Arabian
Desert
as
E.
and
W.
bound-
aries
and
whose
N.
and
S.
boundaries
may
be
approxi-mately
stated
at
31°
and
33°
20'
N.
Lat.
respectively.
These
boundaries
have
not
always
been
clearly
fixed;
but
the
convention
is
generally
agreed
upon
that
Palestine
is
separated
from
Egypt
by
the
Wady
eU
'Arish
or
'River.
of
Egypt,'
and
from
Syria
by
the
Kasmlyeh
or
Litani
River,
the
classical
Leontes.
BibUcal
writers
fixed
the
limits
of
the
territory
by
the
towns
Dan
and
Beersheba,
which
are
constantly
coupled
when
the
author
desires
to
express
in
a
picturesque
manner
that
a
certain
event
affected
the
whole
of
the
Israelite
country
(e.g.
Jg
20')
.
The
name
'
Palestine
'
[AV
in
Jl
3*;
in
Ex
15",
Is
1429-
3i
Palestina;
RV
Philistia],
being
derived
from
that
of
the
Philistines,
properly
belongs
only
to
the
strip
of
coast-land
south
of
Carmel,
which
was
the
ancient
territory
of
that
people.
There
is
no
ancient
geographical
term
covering
the
whole
region
now
known
as
Palestine:
the
different
provinces
—
Canaan,
Judah,
Israel,
Moab,
Edom,
etc.
—
are
enumer-ated
separately
when
necessary.
The
extension
of
the
word
to
include
the
entire
Holy
Land,
both
west
and
east
of
the
Jordan,
is
subsequent
to
the
introduction
of
Christianity.
2.
Geology
and
geography.
—
The
greater
part
of
the
country
is
of
a
chalky
Umestone
formation,
which
,
TT
J
J
,,
^,1
F'
"^"S^j
I
overUes
a
layer
of
red
sandstone
that
appears
on
the
PAI.
—
The
capital
city
of
Hadad
(1
Ch.)
or
Hadar
t,,
„,,„„
„f
t^^
t-iooH
ho,
onH
<.i=ov.7horo
TTnMor
t.ha
(Gn.)
(1
Ch
l'").
In
the
parallel
passage,
Gn
363»,
the
name
occurs
in
the
form
Pau.
The
site
is
unknown.
PAINFULNESS.—
In
Ps
73"
'When
I
thought
to
know
this,
it
was
too
painful
for
me
'
as
well
as
in
2
Es
7",
2
Mac
2^
'painful'
means
'laborious':
and
so
'pain-fulness'
in
2
Co
11"
means
'
laboriousness.'
Hooker
says,
'The
search
of
knowledge
is
a
thing
painful,
and
the
painfulness
of
knowledge
is
that
which
maketh
the
will
so
hardly
inclinable
thereto.'
PAINT,
PAINTING.—
See
Eye,
Art.
PALACE.
—
Primarily
'palace'
denotes
simply
a
large
house;
so
the
Egyptian
royal
title
Pharaoh
or
Palace
(cf.
Sublime
Porte)
means
'great
house';
and
the
ordinary
OT
term
for
'palace,'
in
its
strict
sense
of
"royal
residence,'
is
'the
king's
house'
or
'his
house,'
1
K
7»
O"".
The
only
royal
residence
of
which
we
have
any
details
in
the
Bible
is
Solomon's
palace,
1
K
7'
-12,
which
took
thirteen
years
to
build.
This
included
the
'House
of
the
Forest
of
Lebanon,'
a
great
hall,
100
cubits
long,
50
broad,
30
high,
with
four
rows
of
pillars;
a
'porch
of
pillars,'
50
cubits
by
30;
the
'porch
of
the
throne'
for
a
court
of
justice;
a
dwelling-house
for
himself,
and
another
for
Pharaoh's
daughter.
Round
about
the
whole
was
a
great
court
of
hewn
stones
and
cedar
beams.
In
Egypt
the
palace
was
not
only
the
royal
residence,
but
also
the
seat
of
government.
The
royal
apart-ments
were
in
an
inner,
the
halls
of
audience
in
an
outer,
court.
If
we
include
aU
the
buildings
required
for
courtiers
and
ofBcials,
the
'palace'
becomes
not
a
house,
but
a
royal
city.
A
characteristic
feature
was
a
balcony
on
which
the
king
would
show
himself
to
his
people.
The
Assyrian
and
Babylonian
palaces
were
large
and
magnificent.
In
Babylonia,
the
palaces,
like
the
temples,
were
built
on
the
top
of
artificial
mounds
of
crude
bricks;
and
were
groups
of
buildings
forming
a
great
fortress.
PALAL.—
The
son
of
Uzai
(Neh
3»).
PALESTINA.—
See
next
art.,
§
1.
E.
shore
of
the
Dead
Sea
and
elsewhere.
Under
the
red
sandstone
are
the
archsean
granitic
rocks
which
form
a
large
part
of
the
Sinai
Peninsula.
Above
the
chalk
is
a
layer
of
nummulitic
Umestone,
which
appears
on
some
mountains.
Volcanic
rock,
the
result
of
ancient
eruptions,
appears
in
the
Hauran,
Galilee
(especially
in
the
neighbourhood
of
Safed),
and
else-where.
For
fuller
information
on
the
geology
of
the
country,
see
art.
Geolooy.
With
respect
to
the
surface,
Palestine
divides
naturally
into
a
series
of
narrow
strips
of
country
running
from
north
to
south,
and
differing
materially
from
one
another
in
character,
(a)
The
first
of
these
is
the
Maritime
Plain
running
along
the
coast
of
the
Mediterranean
from
the
neighbour-hood
of
Sidon
and
Tyre
southward,
and
disappearing
only
at
the
promontory
of
Carmel.
This
plain
widens
southward
from
Carmel
to
a
maximum
breadth
of
about
20
miles,
while
to
the
north
of
that
promontory
it
de-velops
into
the
great
plain
of
Esdraelon,
which
inter-sects
the
mountain
region
and
affords
the
most
easy
passage
into
the
heart
of
the
country.
This
plain
is
covered
with
a
most
fertile
alluvial
soil.
(6)
The
second
strip
is
the
mountainous
ridge
of
Judaea
and
Samaria,
on
the
summit
of
which
are
Hebron,
Jerusalem,
and
other
important
towns
and
villages;
and
which,
with
the
single
interruption
of
the
piain
of
Esdraelon,
runs
continuously
from
the
south
border
of
the
country
to
join
the
system
of
the
Lebanon,
(c)
The
third
strip
Is
the
deep
depression
known
as
the
GhSr,
down
which
runs
the
Jordan
with
its
lakes,
(d)
The
fourth
strip
is
the
great
plateau
of
Bashan,
Moab,
and
Edom,
with
a
lofty
and
precipitous
face
towards
the
west,
and
running
eastward
till
it
is
lost
in
the
desert.
3.
Water
supply,
climate,
natural
products.
—
There
is
no
conspicuous
river
in
Palestine
except
the
Jordan
and
its
eastern
tributaries,
and
these,
being
for
the
greater
part
of
their
course
in
a
deep
hollow,
are
of
little
or
no
service
for
Irrigation.
In
consequence,
Palestine
is
dependent
as
a
whole
for
its
water
supply
on
springs,
or
on
artificial
means
of
storage
of
its
winter
rains.
Countless
examples
of
both
exist,
the
former
especially
in
GaUlee,
parts
of
which
are
abundantly