SHIMEON
Merari
(1
Ch
6^').
8.
In
the
genealogy
of
Asaph
(1
Ch
6'2).
9.
The
tenth
course
of
Levitical
singers
who
were
appointed
by
David
(1
Ch
25").
10.
A
Levite
wlio
took
part
in
the
cleansing
ot
the
Temple
under
Hezekiah,
probably
identical
with
one
mentioned
later
as
having
charge
of
the
tithes
and
oblations
(2
Ch
29"
ZV-
").
11.
In
post-exilic
times
the
name
appears
among
those
who
had
married
foreign
wives
(Ezr
lO^"
[1
Es
9^3
Semeis]
^-
[1
Es
9^
Semei]
'»
[1
Es
9"
Someis]).
The
individuals
referred
to
in
vv.
"
and
"
belong
to
the
laity.
In
Zee
12»'
the
family
of
the
Shimeites
are
men-tioned
as
participants
in
the
mourning
for
national
guilt;
they
appear
in
this
connexion
as
representatives
ot
the
Levites.
12.
The
name
occurs
in
the
genealogy
of
Mordeoai
(Est
2'
[Ad.
Est
ll^
Semeias]).
13.
Shammah,
the
brother
ot
David,
appears
as
Shimei
in
2
S
212'.
14.
1
Ch
821
=shema
of
v.".
James
A.
Kelso.
SHIMEON.—
One
otthe
sons
ot
Harim.who
had
married
a
foreign
wife
(Ezr
lO^'
[1
Es
g>2
Simon
Chosameus]).
SHIMON.—
A
Judahite
famUy
(1
Ch
42»).
SHIMRATH.—
A
Benjamite
(1
Ch
S^')-
SHBHRI.—
1.
A
Simeonite
(1
Ch
4=').
2.
The
father
of
one
of
David's
heroes
(1
Ch
11«).
3.
A
family
of
gatekeepers
(1
Ch
26>«).
4.
A
Levite
(2
Ch
29i').
SHBURITH.
—
See
Shimbath.
SHIMRON.—
1.
The
fourth
son
ot
Issachar
(Gn
46",
Nu
26"
o")
,
1
Ch
7')
;
gentUic
Shimronites
in
Nu
262*
<20)
.
2.
One
of
the
towns
whose
kings
Jabin
called
to
his
assistance
(Jos
11').
It
was
afterwards
allotted
to
the
tribe
of
Zebulun
(Jos
19").
Its
site
is
unknown.
Cf.
next
article.
SHIMRON-MERON.
—
A
Canaanite
town,
west
of
Jordan,
whose
king
was
among
those
whom
Joshua
smote
(Jos
122").
Comparing
its
position
in
the
list
with
that
of
Shimron
in
the
list
given
in
Jos
11',
we
may
infer
that
the
two
places
are
identical.
SHEHSHAI.
—
The
scribe
or
secretary
of
Eehum
(Ezr
48-
»•
"•
a),
caUed
in
1
Es
2"
Samellius.
SHIN
and
SIN
.—The
twenty-flrst
letter
of
the
Hebrew
alphabet,
and
as
such
employed
in
the
119th
Psalm
to
designate
the
21st
part,
each
verse
ot
which
in
Heb.
begins
with
this
letter
in
one
or
other
of
its
two
forms.
SHINAB.—
The
king
of
Admah
(Gn
142).
SHINAR.
—
A
term
employed
in
the
OT
for
the
greater
part,
it
not
the
whole,
of
Babylonia
(Gn
lO'"
11^
14<-
«,
Jos
721,
Is
11",
Zee
5",
Dn
I2).
Its
former
identifica-tion
with
Sumer,
or
Southern
Babylonia,
never
regarded
as
very
satisfactory,
is
now
given
up.
Equally
un-tenable
is
the
view
that
it
is
to
be
identified
with
Shan-
khar,
a
land
or
district
the
king
of
which
is
mentioned
in
a
letter
from
Tell
el-Amama
along
with
the
king
of
Khatti.
There
is
little
doubt
that
Shinar
is
to
be
identified
with
the
land
of
Babylonia,
but
the
origin
of
the
name
has
not
been
determined.
L.
W.
Kino.
SHION.—
A
town
of
Issachar
(Jos
19"i),
prob.
'AyUn
esh-Sha'm,
about
3
miles
east
of
Nazareth.
SHIPHI.—
A
Simeonite
prince
(1
Ch
4"
<»>).
SHIPHMITE.—
See
Shepham.
SHIFHRAH.
—
One
of
the
two
Hebrew
midwives
(Ex
116).
SHIPHTAN.—
An
Ephraimite
prince
(Nu
342<).
SHIPS
AND
BOATS.—
1.
In
OT
and
Apocrypha.—
(1)
Among
the
Israelites.—
In
spite
ot
the
long
line
ot
coast
by
which
Palestine
is
bordered,
the
Israelites
were
an
agricultural
rather
than
a
maritime
people.
In
fact
a
large
part
ot
the
coast
was
occupied
by
the
Phoenicians
in
the
North
and
the
Philistines
in
the
South.
That
in
the
earliest
times
the
people
as
a
whole
were
ignorant
of
navigation
is
shewn
by
their
version
ot
the
Flood,
in
which
an
unnavigable
box
takes
the
place
of
the
navigated
ship
of
the
ancient
Accadian
story.
Excep-
SHIPS
AND
BOATS
tions
more
or
less
to
the
rule
in
relatively
ancient
times
were
the
tribes
of
Asher
on
the
north,
and
Dan,
before
its
emigration,
on
the
south.
*
And
Dan,
why
did
he
remain
in
ships?
Asher
sat
still
at
the
haven
of
the
sea.
And
abode
by
his
creeks'
(Jg
5").
It
is
very
doubtful
whether
boats
were
originally
used,
even
by
the
Phoenicians
and
the
Philistines,
except
tor
fishing,
and
perhaps
for
purely
local
traffic
and
communi-cation.
Zidon,
the
earliest
Phoenician
settlement,
was,
like
its
synonym,
Beth-saida,
derived
from
a
root
mean-ing
to
catch
prey,
and
was
doubtless
first
noted
as
a
fishing
town.
Again,
Dagon,
the
chief
god
of
the
Philis-tines,
is
derived
from
the
word
dag,
meaning
a
fish.
At
a
somewhat
later
period
we
find
Zebulun
described
as
a
'
haven
of
ships
'
(Gn
49"),
and
later
still,
probably
after
the
division
of
the
kingdom,
Issachar
is
mentioned
with
Zebulun
as
deriving
wealth
from
naval
commerce
(Dt
33").
In
any
case,
it
is
not
till
the
time
of
Solomon
that
we
hear
definitely
of
any
important
development
of
commercial
enterprise.
Under
the
direction,
and
with
the
co-operation,
of
the
Phoenicians,
cedar
and
cypress
timbers
from
Lebanon
were
cut
and
floated
down
the
rivers
to
the
coast
and
formed
into
raf
ts(
AV
floats)
,which
carried
the
sawn
stones
to
Joppa.
Here
they
were
broken
up,
and
both
were
conveyed
to
Jerusalem
for
the
building
ot
the
Temple
(1
K
5',
2
Ch
2s-i»).
Solomon
had
also
a
navy
ot
ships
navigated
by
Phoenician
sailors.
They
were
stationed
at
Ezion-geber,
at
the
head
of
the
Gulf
of
Akabah,
and
traded
with
Ophir,
probably
m
the
south-east
ot
Arabia,
in
gold
and
precious
stones
(1
K
92'-28).
The
'
ivory
and
apes
and
peacocks
'
of
1
K
1022
may
have
been
imported
into
this
region
from
India
and
more
distant
Eastern
lands,
or
the
ships
of
Hiram
and
Solomon
may
themselves
have
made
more
distant
voyages.
In
addition
to
this,
there
was
a
regular
trade
maintained
with
Egypt,
whence
Solomon
imported
chariots
and
horses
(lO^s-
2«).
The
conflict
between
the
Northern
and
Southern
Kingdoms
after
Solomon's
death
put
a
stop
to
the
commercial
activities
of
the
Jews,
and
there
does
not
appear
to
have
been
any
attempt
to
revive
them
till
the
time
ot
Jehoshaphat,
whose
fleet
of
ships
made
for
trading
for
gold
to
Ophir
was
wrecked
at
Ezion-geber.
An
offer
of
Ahaziah
to
join
in
a
renewal
ot
the
enterprise
was
afterwards
rejected
(1
K
22"-
").
The
mention
in
Is
2i«
of
'ships
of
Tarshish'
among
the
objects
against
which
J"'s
judgment
would
be
directed,
makes
it
likely
that
there
was
again
a
revival
of
naval
commerce
in
the
prosperous
reigns
of
Jotham
and
Uzziah.
Finally,
in
the
time
of
the
Maccabees
we
read
that
Simon,
the
brother
of
Judas,
made
Joppa
a
seaport
(1
Mac
14').
It
was
probably
at
this
period
that
the
Jews
first
began
to
have
experience
of
ships
of
war
(1
Mac
1"
15";
cf.
Dn
11'°),
though
they
must
have
been
in
use
at
a
much
earlier
period.
There
are
figures
of
such
ships,
with
sharp
beaks
tor
ramming,
in
Layard's
History
of
Nineveh,
and
Sennacherib
in
his
expedition
against
Merodach-baladan
had
ships
manned
by
Tyrians.
In
Is
3321
the
allusion
is
certainly
to
hostile
ships,
but
the
reference
may
be
to
ships
of
transport,
rather
than
warships.
In
any
case
the
distinction
between
a
merchantman
and
a
warship
in
early
times
was
obviously
not
so
definite
as
it
afterwards
became.
(2)
A
mong
neighbouring
nations.—
VTilike
the
Israelites,
the
Phcenicians
were
the
great
navigators
ot
the
ancient
world.
Their
country
was
particularly
favourable
for
such
a
development.
Dwelling
on
a
narrow
piece
ot
sea-board,
unsuited
for
agriculture
(they
imported
corn
from
Palestine,
1
K
5",
Ac
122"),
they
had
behind
them
the
Lebanon
range,
famed
for
its
great
cedars,
and
a
coast
with
good
natural
harbours.
By
the
time
of
Solomon
they
would
seem
already
to
have
had
an
extensive
trade.
The
phrase
'
ships
of
Tarshish
'which
probably
meant
originally
ships
accustomed
to
trade
with
