SHOHAM

The same passage of Ruth and Dt 25>^- shows that this symbolism, somewhat differently performed.with another still more expressive, was also adopted in the case of one renouncing his right to his deceased brother's wife (see Marriage, § 4).

In the expression 'upon [or over] Edom will I cast my shoe' CPs 60» 108») many authorities find a reference to an extension of this shoe symbolism, the actual taking possession of the property being symbolized by throwing a shoe over or upon it. Others, however, rendering as RVm 'unto Edom,' see in the words an assertion of Edom's servitude, it being the part of a slave to carry his master's shoes. The context and the singular 'shoe' (not 'shoes') favour the former inter-pretation. A. E. S. Kennedy.

SHOHAM.— A Merarite (1 Ch 24").

SHOMER.— 1. 1 Ch 7'2. See Shemer, No. 3. 2. 2 K 12^'. See Shimeath.

SHOPHACH.— See Shobach.

SHOSHANNIM, SHOSHANNIM - EDUTH. — See Psalms, p. 772'.

SHOVEL.— 1. Ex 27' 38', Nu 4", 1 K 7"- «, 2 K 25", 2 Ch 4"- 18, Jer 62", of a utensil for removing the ashes from the altar. 2. Is 30", for the broad, shallow, winnowing shovel with which corn after thresh-ing was thrown up against the wind to clear it of the chaff.

SHRINE.- See Diana.

SHROUD. — This word is used in Ezk 31' in the general sense of 'shelter,' 'covering,' as in Milton's Comus, 147 — 'Run to your shrouds, within these brakes and trees.'

SHUA. — 1. The father of Judah's Canaanite wife (Gn 382- 12), who appears in 1 Ch 2' (RV) as Bath-shua. 2. A daughter of Heber (1 Ch T').

SHUAH. — A son of Abraham and Keturah, Gn 25', 1 Ch 1'^. The tribe represented by this name may perhaps be the Suchu of the cuneiform inscriptions, on the right bank of the Euphrates. Bildad the Shuhite (Job 2" 81 181 251 42') is prob. intended to be thought of as belonging to this tribe.

SHUAL.— An Asherite (1 Ch 7").

SHUAL, LAND OF.— A region referred to in 1 S 13" as the destination of one of the three bands of Philis-tine raiders. The close connexion of Ophrah with the district named indicates that this was one of its

towns. H. L. WiLLETT.

SHUBAEL. — See Shebttei,.

SHUHAH.— A brother of Chelub (1 Ch 4").

SHUHAM.— A son of Dan (Nu 26«), called in Gn 46^' Hushim ; gentilic Shuhamites in Nu 26«.

SHUHITE.— See Shuah.

SHULAMMITE. — See Shunem, Song of Songs.

SHUMATHITES.— A famUy of Kiriath-jearim (1 Ch 2S').

SHUNAMMITE.— See next article.

SHUNEM.— A border town of Issachar (Jos 19i'), and the camping-ground of the Philistines before Saul's last battle (1 S 28'). It has been identified from early times with SSlam, a village five miles south of Tabor, on the south slope of Little Hermon. It is on the north of the Valley of Jezreel, and opposite to Gilboa, where Saul was encamped; the situation suits the scene of the battle well. A Shunem is also the scene of Elisha's miracle in 2 K 4'"-, where the identification is more doubtful. The narrative suggests a place on the road from Samaria, his home (v.i), to Carmel, and not too far from the latter (v.™-); Solam satisfies neither of these conditions. Shunammite is applied (1) to Abishag (1 K 12), who is perhaps the original of the Shulammite of Ca 6", the interchange of I and n being exemplified in

SICKLE

the modern Solam =Shunem; (2) to the unnamed friend of Elisha in 2 K 48ff- 8'-'. The narrative gives us a picture of Heb. home-lite at its best, and shows how the legal and theoretical subjection of the wife was often modified in practice. She is 'a great woman,' perhaps an heiress, and takes the lead in both stories; by the time of the latter she may have been a widow. For the miracle, ct. 1 K 17»=-. C. W. Emmet.

SHUNI.— A son of Gad (Gn 46", Nu 26" "«> [gentilic Shunites]).

SHUPHAM, SHUPHAMITES, SHUPPDH. — See MuppiM and Shephupham.

SHUR. — A place or district on the N.E. border of Egypt (Gn 16' 20i 25", Ex 15^2, 1 S 15' 27'). The name in Aramaic means 'wall,' and, as Egyp. th is regularly rendered by sh in Aramaic, Shur is probably the Egyp. city Thor (the vocalization is uncertain), a fortress near the N.E. frontier, and capital of the 14th nome of Lower Egypt. This Thor lay on a stream or canal named Shi-Hor (see Shihor), and malefactors were sent thither after having their noses cut off. It is tempting to identify it with Rhinocorura (see Egypt [River of]), but it was on the banks of a fresh-water canal and 10 days' march from Gaza. Perhaps it is the later Sele, near el-Kantara, on the Suez Canal.

F. Ll. Griffith.

SHUSHAN(Dn 8', Neh 1' etc.) .-The Susa (Ad. Est 1 1') of the Greeks, now Sus or Shush in S.W. Persia, between the Shapur and the river of Dizf ul (the ancient Koprates) . It was for many centuries the capital of Elam, and afterwards one of the three capitals of the Persian empire. Cf. also Elam.

SHUSHANOHITES, i.e. inhabitants of Shushan (Susa), are mentioned in Ezr 4= among the colonists settled by Osnappar (Ashurbanipal) in Samaria.

SHUSHAN-EDUTH.— See Psalms, p. 772«.

SHUTHELAH. — One of the three clans of the tribe of Ephraim (Nu 26"- [gentilic Shuthelahite] '«). In the parallel passage, 1 Ch l^"- ^i, the foundation text has been expanded and mis-written. J. F. McCurdy.

SHUTTLE. — Only Job 7«, where it is doubtful whether the reference is to the shuttle-rod of the loom or to the loom itself. The Heb. word has the latter meaning in its only other occurrence, Jg 16". See Spinning and Weaving, §§ 3 and 4 (6).

SIA (Neh 7") or SIAHA (Ezr 2").— A family of Nethinim (1 Es 5^9 Sua) who returned with Zerubbabel.

SIBBECAI. — See Mebunnai.

SIBBOLETH. — See Shibboleth.

SIBMAH. — See Sebam.

SIBBADI. — A point on the ideal northern boundary of the Holy Land (Ezk 47") ; site uncertain. Cf . Ziphron.

SICCUTH.— A word which is found in parallelism with Chiun in Am 5". The present form is probably due to the Massoretic combination of the consonants of Sakkuth with the vowels of shigguts ('abomination ') — the same vocalization which we find in Chiun. Sakkut is another name for the Assyr. god Ninib, god of the planet Saturn. Kaiwanu (Chiun) is also a name of Ninib. This would make Chiun and Siccuth synony-mous — or at least different manifestations of the same deity. As evidence that this is the correct reading of the names, Rogers points out that the Babylonians themselves invoked Sakkut and Kaiwanu together, just as they appear in Amos. (See Chiun and Rephan.)

W. M. Nesbit.

SICK, SICKNESS.— See Medicine.

SICKLE.— The Hebrew sickles (Dt IC' 23'' etc.) or reaping-hooks were successively of flint, bronze, and iron, and set in handles of bone or wood. In Palestine the flint sickle goes back to the later Stone age (Vincent, Canaan d'apris V exploration ricente, 388 ff. with illust.);

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