paratively
useless.
The
present
walls
of
the
city
were
built
by
Mohammed
'Ali
of
Egypt
(1832-1840).
The
fortress,
Kal'at
el-Bahr,
'Castle
of
the
Sea,'
dating
from
the
13th
cent.,
stands
on
the
largest
of
the
islands,
which
is
joined
to
the
mainland
by
a
bridge
of
9
arches.
The
present
population
is
about
11,000.
The
chief
occupations
are
fishing,
and
the
cultivation
of
the
gardens
and
orange
groves
for
which
modern
Zidon
is
famous.
While
the
oldest
existing
buildings
date
from
the
Middle
Ages,
there
are
many
remains
of
great
antiquity,
traces
of
walls,
hewn
stones,
pillars,
coins,
and
the
reservoirs
cut
out
of
the
rock.
The
most
important
discoveries
so
far
have
been
(1855)
the
sarcoph-agus
of
king
Eshmunazar
(early
in
the
4th
cent,
b.c),
with
the
well-known
inscription,
now
in
Paris;
and
(1887)
the
tomb
containing
17
Phoenician
and
Greek
sarcophagi,
highly
ornamented;
among
them
that
of
Tabnit,
father
of
Eshmunazar,
and
the
alleged
sarcoph-agus
of
Alexander
the
Great.
W.
Ewino.
ZIHA.—
A
famUy
of
Nethinim
(Ezr
2«=Neh
7«
11=');
called
In
1
Es
S^s
Esau.
ZIELAG.
—
A
town
given
by
Achish
king
of
Gath
to
the
outlawed
David
(1
S
27«
30'ff-,
2
S
1>
4'",
1
Ch
12i-
">).
In
the
national
register
of
cities
it
is
assigned
to
Judah
(Jos
15")
or
to
Simeon
(19>),
and
is
mentioned
also
in
the
post-exilic
list
(Neh
1128).
it
has
been
identified
with
Zuheiliqa,
11
m.
S.
E.
of
Gaza,
and
20
m.
S.W.
from
Eleutheropolis.
H.
L.
Willett.
ZULAH.—
See
Adah,
No.
1.
ZILLETHAI.—
1.
A
Benjamite
family
(1
Ch
8").
2.
A
Manassite
who
joined
David
at
Ziklag
(1
Ch
IZ").
ZILPAH.
—
A
slave-girl
given
to
Leah
by
Laban,
Gn
29"
(P),
and
by
her
to
Jacob
as
a
concubine,
30"
(J);
the
mother
of
Gad
and
Asher,
vv.'»-"
(J),
35»
37'
46"
(all
P).
Cf.
art.
Tribes
ov
Israel.
ZmUAH.—
A
family
of
Gershonite
Levites
(1
Ch
620
(6).
12
(27),
2
Ch
29'2).
ZIMRAN,
—
A
son
of
Abraham
and
Keturah,
Gn
25'
=1
Ch
1".
The
ethnological
signification
of
the
word
is
doubtful.
The
name
is
derived
from
semer,
'
mountain-
sheep
or
-goat,'
this
animal
having
doubtless
been
the
totem
of
the
clan.
ZmRI.
—
1.
A
prince
of
the
tribe
of
Simeon,
slain
by
Phinehas
(Nu
25«-",
1
Mac
2M).
2,
Son
of
Zerah,
and
grandfather
or
ancestor
of
Achan
(1
Ch
2');
called
Zabdi
in
Jos
7'.
3.
A
Benjamite
(1
Ch
8»
9«).
4.
See
next
article.
5.
'AU
the
kings
of
Zimri'
are
men-tioned
In
the
same
verse,
Jer
252*,
with
those
of
Elam
and
the
Medes
as
among
those
who
were
to
drink
the
cup
of
the
fury
of
the
Lord.
There
is
considerable
doubt
as
to
what
place
is
meant,
or
even
as
to
the
genuineness
of
the
phrase.
ZnURI
seized
the
throne
of
Israel
by
the
murder
of
his
king
Elah,
but
held
it
only
seven
days
before
Omri,
another
general
of
the
army,
asserted
himself
as
claimant.
Omri,
as
is
well
known,
was
the
stronger,
and
established
himself
after
disposing
of
two
opponents.
The
character-ization
of
Zimri,
as
one
who
caused
Israel
to
sin
by
following
in
the
ways
of
Jeroboam,
is
due
to
the
author's
desire
to
pronounce
judgment
on
all
the
kings
of
the
Northern
Kingdom
(1
K
16«-2»).
H.
P.
Smith.
Zm
(Nu
1321
201
27"
33»
34»-
«,
Dt
32",
Jos
15'-
').
—
A
region
passed
through
by
the
Israelites
in
their
joumeyings.
The
most
exact
indication
of
its
position
Is
given
in
Nu
34
and
Jos
15.
In
Nu
1321
'the
wilder-ness
of
Zin
'
is
named
as
the
southern
limit
from
which
the
spies
began
to
search
the
land.
In
Nu
33»
It
Is
given
as
one
of
the
stations
in
the
joumeyings.
The
brief
note,
'the
same
is
Kadesh,'
serves
to
explain
the
following
verse
('And
they
journeyed
from
Kadesh'
.
.
.).
Nu
20'
records
the
arrival
of
the
children
of
Israel
'In
the
wilderness
of
Zin'
in
the
first
month
[the
year
Is
not
stated],
and
the
following
vv.2-"
relate
the
events
which
took
place
at
Merlbah.
The
remaining
two
passages,
Nu
27
and
Dt
32,
which
are
duplicates,
refer
to
the
punishment
of
Moses
for
his
offence
at
'the
waters
of
Merlbah
of
Kadesh
in
the
wilderness
of
Zin.'
Hence
it
may
be
inferred
(a)
that
the
Wilderness
of
Zin
formed
part
of
the
southern
boundary
of
Judah
at
its
eastern
end
towards
the
Dead
Sea;
(&)
that
Kadesh
was
included
within
its
limits.
The
close
similarity
between
the
events
recorded
in
Ex
17
and
Nu
20,
and
other
points
of
resemblance
between
occur-rences
before
and
after
Sinai,
suggest
the
question
whether
Sin
and
Zin,
the
Sin
of
the
pre-Sinai
and
the
Zin
of
the
post-Sinai
narrative,
may
be
variations
developed
in
the
course
of
tradition.
The
hypothesis
does
not
appear
improbable,
but
the
narrative
in
its
present
form
indicates
two
regions
bearing
different
names.
Cf
.
Paran,
Sin
[Wilderness
of].
ZIITA.—
See
Zizah.
ZION.
—
See
Jerusalem,
esp.
II.
1.
ZIOR.
—
A
town
in
the
hill-country
of
Judah
(Jos
16")
.
It
is
prob.
to
be
Identified
with
the
modern
village
Sa'ir,
about
6
miles
N.N.E.
of
Hebron.
ZIPH.—
1.
A
son
of
JehaUelel
(1
Ch
4").
2.
A
city
of
Southern
Judah
(Jos
152»).
Its
site
has
not
been
recovered.
3.
A
city
In
the
hill-country
of
Judah
(Jos
1566);
fortified
by
Rehoboam
(2
Ch
ll').
The
wilderness
of
ZIph
was
one
of
the
refuges
of
David
when
fleeing
from
Saul
(1
S
23»-
«•
"
26'
"»).
The
gentilic
name
Ziphites
occurs
in
1
S
23'»-
"
[lxx
onijl
26',
Ps
54
title,
ziph
Is
TeU
Zlf,
S.E.
of
Hebron.
ZIPHAH.—
A
son
of
Jerahmeel
(1
Ch
4").
ZIPHION.—
See
Zaphon.
ZIFHRON.
—
An
unknown
point
on
the
northern
frontier
of
Canaan
(Nu
34");
perhaps
the
same
as
Sibraim
of
Ezk
4716.
ZIPPOR.—
Father
of
Balak
(Nu
222-
«•
'»•
"
23",
Jos
24»,
Jg
1126).
The
name,
which
doubtless
in
this
case
and
in
that
of
Zipporah
has
a
totemistic
signifi-cance,
means
'sparrow.'
ZIPPORAH.
—
One
of
the
daughters
of
the
priest
of
Midlan,
Ex
22'-
22
(j),
wife
of
Moses
and
mother
of
Gershom.
According
to
18*
(E),
she
had
Another
son.
For
the
incident
of
Ex
42'''-
see
Moses,
p.
632'.
ZIV.
—
See
art.
Time.
ZIZ.
—
The
ascent
of
ZIz
Is
mentioned
in
2
Ch
20'«
as
the
way
by
which
the
allied
Moabites,
Ammonites,
and
Meunim
made
their
way
up
from
En-gedl
to
attack
Jehoshaphat
at
Jerusalem.
It
has
been
Identified
as
an
ascent
near
En-gedi
from
the
plain
of
the
Dead
Sea
to
the
tableland
of
Judah.
The
Roman
road
from
En-gedi
to
Jerusalem
followed
this
track.
H.
L.
Willett.
ZIZA.—
1.
A
Simeonlte
chief
(1
Ch
4").
2.
A
sod
of
Rehoboam
(2
Ch
112»).
ZIZAH.
—
A
Gershonite
Levlte
(1
Ch
23").
The
name,
prob.
by
a
copyist's
error,
appears
In
v."
as
Zina,
ZOAN.
—
A
city
In
the
N.E.
of
Lower
Egypt
(Egyp.
Zani,
Gr.
Tanis).
—
It
Is
now
San
el-Hagar,
one
of
the
most
important
of
the
ancient
sites
in
Lower
Egypt,
with
ruins
of
a
great
temple.
The
21st
Dyn.
arose
In
TanIs,
and
it
was
probably
a
favourite
residence
of
the
Pharaohs,
though
It
Is
now
in
the
midst
of
a
barren
salt
marsh,
with
only
a
few
fishermen
as
Inhabitants.
Ramasses
11.
placed
In
the
temple
a
colossus
of
himself
in
granite,
the
greatest
known,
which
Petrie
calculates
from
the
fragments
to
have
measured
92
feet
in
height.
Zoan
Is
not
mentioned
In
Genesis,
but
else-where
(Ps
78'2-
",
Is
19"-
'»■
>»,
Ezk
30")
It
appears
as
almost
or
quite
the
capital
of
Egypt,
perhaps
as
being
the
royal
city
nearest
to
the
frontier.
Tanis
was
very
ancient:
the
curious
reference
to
Its
building
In
Nu
1322
cannot
be
explained
as
yet.
F.
Ll.
GmrFiTa.
ZOAR.
—
See
Plain
[Cities
op
the].
Lot.
ZOBAH.
—
An
Aramsean
community,
the
moat
powerful
of
the
coalition
of
'Syrian'
States
which
made
