BOCHERU

BOOHEBTJ.— A descendant of Jonathan (1 Ch 8'' 9")-

BOCHIM ('weepers,' Jg 2')-— Unknown as a geo-graphical site. Possibly the orig. reading was Bethel.

BODY in OT represents various Heb. words, especially that lor 'flesh.' In Ex 2*^° it means, by a common idiom, 'the framework of heaven'; there is no personi-fication. In NT, though the body may be the seat of sin and death (Ro 6» 7^), it is never treated with con-tempt (Ro 121, 1 Co 6"- 19); Ph 3" is a well-known mistranslation. Accordingly it could be used meta-phorically of the Church, Christ being sometimes the Head, sometimes the Body itself. C. W. Emmet.

BODY-GUAED.— See Aemt, § 1, Guakd.

BOHAHUC VERSIONS.— See artt.TEXT(OTand NT).

BOHAH .— A son of Reuben, ace. to Jos 158 1317 (both P). The stone of Bohan is mentioned in these two passages as forming a mark of division between Judah and Benjamin. It is impossible to Identify the site where it stood.

BOILS. — See MEDrciNB.

BOLLED. — The boll of a plant is its seed-vessel or pod. Cf. Fitzherbert, 'The holies of flaxe . . . made drye with the son to get out the sedes.' Thus Ex 9'i 'the flax was boiled,' means it had reached the seed stage. But the Heb. means only that it was in flower.

BOLSTER, — This word, which appears six times in AV (1 S 191s- i« 26'- 11- 12- 16) as the rendering of a Heb. word signifying 'the place at the head,' 'head-place,' has rightly disappeared from RV, which gives 'head' throughout. A. R. S. Kennedy.

BOLT.— See House, § 6.

BOND.— 1. See Band. 2. See Bill. 3. See Chain.

BONDAGE, BONDMAID, BONDUAN, etc.— See Slave, Slavery.

BONES is used widely in OT as a synonym for the body, living or dead, or the person (Ps 42i» SI'). As the solid framework of the body, the bones are the seat of health and strength, so that breaking, rottenness, dryness of the bones are frequent figures for sickness or moral disorder (Pr 14™ 1722, Ps 6* 22"). 'Bone of my bone' answers to the English phrase 'of the same blood ' ; but the concluding words of Eph 6'" should be omitted. In Lk 24*' the unique expression seems to emphasize the nature of the Resurrection body, as different from the ordinary 'flesh and blood.' See Gibson, Thirty-Nine Articles, p. 188.

C. W. Emmet.

BONNET.— With the exception of Is 3", this is the AV designation of the special headdress of the rank and file of the priesthood according to the priestly writer (Ex 28" 29" etc., RV head-tire). It consisted of a long swathe of fine white linen wound round the head — note Ex 29» RV 'bind (or wind) head-tires' — to form an egg-shaped turban. Cf. Jos. Ant. iii. vii. 3; and Rich, Diet. Bom. and Or. Ant. s.v. 'pileus' for illust. of the egg-shaped cap of Ulysses, with which Jerome compares the priestly turban. See Dress, 5, Mitre.

A. R. S. Kennedy.

BOOK, — 1. A roll of papyrus or parchment; see Writing. 2. A sacred or canonical document (Dn 9^) ; see Canon of OT. 3, 'Book of hfe,' etc.; see next art.

and ESCHATOLOQY.

BOOK OF LIFE.— The legalistic conception of morality which existed among the Jews involved a record of the deeds of life on the basis of which the final judgment of God would be given. Allied with this was another conception, derived from the custom of enrolling citizens (Jer 22>», Neh 7'- « 12k'-; cf. Ex 32'2), of a list of those who were to partake of the blessings of the Messianic Age. A second natural step was to conceive of God as keeping two sets of books, a Book of Life (Dn 12i''-, Mai 3", Ps 69^8) for the righteous, and a Book of Death for the wicked (Jub xxx 20-22).

BOWELS

To have one's name blotted out from the Book of Life was equivalent to complete condemnation (Eth. Enoch IDS').

In the Apocalyptic writings of Judaism the Final Judgment was to be based upon the records contained in the books supposedly kept by the archangel Michael. In some cases Rabbinical thought elaborated the figure until each man was to read and sign his record. The judgment of God was thus supposed to be based upon absolute justice, and determined by the balance of recorded good and evil deeds. In the NT are to be found references both to the books of records (Rev 2012. IS; cf. Dn 7i», Eth. Enoch 89«iff-). and to the books containing a list of those who were to enjoy eternal Ufe (Lk 10", Ph i\ He 122', Rev 3' 13' 17* 212'). Shailek Mathews.

BOOT,— See Armoue, § 2 (d). Dress, § 6.

BOOTH.— The Heb. sukkah (note Gn 33" RVm) was a simple structure made of the branches of trees, which the peasant erected for rest and shelter in his field or vineyard (Is 1» RV). In AV and RV it is variously rendered booth, cottage, hut, pavilion, tabernacle, tent. The booth was also a convenient shelter for cattle (Gn 33") and for the army in the field (2 S 11" RV). A. R. S. Kennedy.

BOOTHS, FEAST OF.— See Tabernacles.

BOOTY.— See War. Cf. Ban.

BORDER (of the garment). — See Fringes.

BORITH.— An ancestor of Ezra (2 Es 1^); called In 1 Es 82 Boccas, and in Ezr 7< Bukki.

BORROWING.— See Debt.

BOSOR (1 Mac 528- »).— A town in Gllead. The site is uncertain.

BOSORA (1 Mac 52»- 2').— Mentioned with Bosor. Apparently the great city of Bosrah — the Roman Bostra on the E, of Bashan, which is not mentioned in the Bible.

BOSS.— Only Job IB", where it is doubtful whether metal bosses for strengthening the shield are implied in the figure, or whether we should render 'the stout curves of his bucklers.' A. R. S. Kennedy.

BOTCH. — A botch (connected with 'beat' and ' boss') is a swelling, an eruption in the skin. It occurs in reference to Dt 282' ' the botch of Egypt.' See Blain, Medicine. The modern word is 'boil,' which is also the more common word for the same Heb. in AV. For the Eng. word see Milton PL xii. 180 —

'Botches and blaines must all his flesh imboas.'

BOTTLE. — Although glass was not unknown in Palestine in Bible times, the various words rendered ' bottle ' in AV denote almost exclusively receptacles of skin. In RV the NT revisers have wisely introduced skins and wine-skins in the familiar parable (Mt 9" ||), but their OT collaborators have done so only where, as in Jos 9'- ", the context absolutely required it. These skins of the domestic animals, in particular of the goat, were used not only, as we have seen, for wine, but for water (Gn 21"), milk (Jg 4i»), oil, and other liquids. They were doubtless used, as at the present day, both tanned and untanned. In later times (Mishna), the larger skins sometimes received a coating of pitch on the inside, and were furnished at the neck with a reed to serve as a funnel.

The 'potter's earthen bottle' of Jer 19'- '» was a narrow-necked wine-jar, which might also be used for honey (1 K 14s EV 'cruse'). A. R. S. Kennedy.

BOTTOMLESS PIT.— See Abyss.

BOW, BATTLE BOW.— See Armour, 1 (d).

BOWELS.— The bowels are in Biblical language the seat of the emotions. Hence Ps 40* ' Thy law is in the midst of my bowels,' i.e. the object of my deepest affection.

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