ELIZUR

Zebulun's representative for dividing the land (Nu 34» P).

ELIZUR (' God is a rock,' cf. Zuriel). — Prince of Reuben at the first census (Nu 1« 2'" 7"- » 10'« P).

ELKANAH (' God hath acquired').— 1. Asonof Korah (Ex &"). 2. An Ephraimite, husband of Peninnah and Hannah; by the former he had several children, but Hannah was for many years childless. Her rival mocked her for this as they went up year by year with Elkanah to sacrifice in Shiloh. Elkanah loved Hannah more than Peninnah, and sought, in vain, to comfort her in her distress. At length Hannah conceived, and bore a son, Samuel. Afterwards three sons and two daughters were born to them (see Hannah, and Samuel). 3. The son of Assir (1 Ch B^^). 4. The father of Zophai (Zuph), a descendant of 3 (1 Ch &»■ ^). 6. A Levite who dwelt in a village of the Netophathites (1 Ch 9'=). 6. One of the mighty men who came to David to Ziklag (1 Oh 12«). 7. A door-keeper for the ark (1 Ch IS^^); 8. A high official, 'next to the king,' at the court of Ahaz (2 Ch 28"- ').

W. O. E. Oesterley.

ELKIAH.— An ancestor of Judith (Jth 8<).

ELKOSHITE.— See Nahum.

ELLASAB. — Arioch king of EUasar was allied with Chedorlaomer in the campaign against the kings of the plain (Gn 14')- He has been identified with Rim-sin, king of Larsa, and consequently 'EUasar' is thought to be for al-Larsa, 'the city of Larsa.' Larsa, modern Senkereh in Lower Babylonia on the east bank of the Euphrates, was celebrated for its temple and worship of the sun-god Shamash. C. H. W. Johns.

ELM.— Hos 4" AV, but RV ' terebinth.' See also Pine.

ELMADAM.— An ancestor of Jesus (Lk 3").

ELNAAM.— The father of two of David's mighty men (1 Oh 11«).

ELNATHAN.— 1 . The father of Nehushta, the mother of Jehoiachin (2 K 24'). 2. The son of Achbor, the chief of those sent to Egypt to fetch Uriah, who had offended Jehoiakim by his prophecy (Jer 26^™); and one of those who had entreated the king not to burn the roll (36^). It is possible that he is identical with No. 1. 3. The name occurs no fewer than three times in the list of those sent for by Ezra when he encamped near Ahava (Ezr 8"). In 1 Es 8" there are only two corresponding names, the second of which is Ennatan,

ELOHIM.— See God.

ELOHIST.— See Hexateuch.

ELOI, ELOI, LAMA SABAOHTHANI.-These Aram, words occur in Mk. 15^, being an Eng. transliteration from the Greek. The underlying Aram, would be Elahi, ElaM, I'ma shabaqtani. The 5 in Eloi is probably a local pronunciation of a as aw or B, as in some Syriac dialects. Dalman, however, maintains that our Lord spoke the first two words in Hebrew and the other two in Aramaic. In this case Eloi represents the Heb. Elohai = 'my God.' For sabachthani the Oodex Sinaiticus reads sabaktani, which may be the original reading. It is more correct; but on that very account it may be a gloss. Lama for Aram. l'ma='loi what?' 'why?' has many variants in Gr. MSS, as lema, lamma, lima.

In the parallel passage in Mt 27*' we find Eli, Eli (though Cod. Sin. reads Eloi and B Eloei). Eli is a Heb. word, here, as elsewhere, borrowed in Aramaic. The Aram, word for 'forsake' is sh'baq for which the Heb. equivalent is ' azabh. In Heb. ' hast thou forsaken me?' would be 'azabhtani. This explains the reading of Oodex D, zaphlhanei, which some officious literary scribe substituted for sabachthani, both in Mt. and Mk.

J. T. Marshall.

ELON.— ('terebinth'.)— 1. Of the tribe of Zebulun, one of the minor judges (Jg 12"- 1^). All that is told of him is simply that he judged Israel for ten years, that he

EMBROIDERY AND NEEDLEWORK

died, and was buried in Elon in Zebulun. 2. A son of Zebulun (Gn 46", Nu 262^, where the gentilic name Elonites occurs). 3. A Hittite, the father-in-law of Esau (Gn 2m 362).

ELON. — 1. A town in the territory of Dan, now un-known (Jos 19«). It is perhaps the same as Elon-beth-hanan (1 K 4=). 2. An unknown locality in Zebulun (Jg 12'2). R. a. S. Macalisteb.

ELON-BETH-HANAN.— See preceding article.

ELOTH.— See Elath.

ELPAAL. — A Benjamite family (1 Oh 8"- «• '«).

EL-PARAN (Gn 14=).— See Pahan.

ELPELET (1 Ch !#, AV Elpalet).— One of David's sons=Eliphelet No. 1.

EL-SHADDAI.— See God.

ELTEKE(H). — A town in Dan associated with Ekron and Gibbethon (Jos 19« 2123), probably the Altaqu mentioned by Sennacherib as the locality of his defeat of the Philistines and Egyptians in the time of Hezekiah just before his capture of Ekron. It was a Levitical city. Its modern site is uncertain.

C. H. W. Johns.

ELTEKON (Jos 15''). —A town of Judah, noticed with Maarath and Beth-anoth. Site unknown.

ELTOLAD (Jos 15"). — A town in the extreme S. of Judah, given to Simeon (19*); probably = Tolad (1 Oh 423). The site is unknown.

ELUL (Neh 61=, 1 Mao 142').— See Ximb.

ELUZAI. — One of the mighty men who joined David at Ziklag (1 Ch 12=).

ELYMAIS. — This name, which represents the OT Elam, was given to a district of Persia, lying along the southern spurs of Mt. Zagros, S. of Media and N. of Susiana. In 1 Mac 6', according to the common reading, which is adopted by the AV, Elymais is named as a rich city in Persia. No such city, however, is mentioned elsewhere, except by Josephus, who is simply following 1 Mac. There can be no doubt, therefore, that we should correct the text and read with RV, 'in Elymais in Persia there was a city.'

ELYMAS.— See Bab-jesus.

ELZABAD.— 1. A Gadite chief who joined David (1 Oh 1212). 2. A Korahite doorkeeper (1 Ch 26').

ELZAPHAN.— See Elizaphan.

EMADABUN (1 Es S*').- One of the Levites who superintended the restoration of the Temple. The name does not occur in the parallel Ezr 3': it is probably due to a repetition of the name which follows, lliadun.

EMATHEIS (1 Es 92s) = Athlai, Ezr 102a.

EMBALMING.— This specifically Egyptian (non-Israelitish) method of treating dead bodies is mentioned in Scripture only in the cases of Jacob and Joseph (Gn S02«- 26).

EMBROIDERY AND NEEDLEWORK.-Embroidery

is the art of working patterns or figures on textile fabrics with woollen, linen, silk, or gold thread by means of a needle. The process was exactly described by the Romans as painting with a needle (flcu pingere).

The Hebrew word for embroidery {riqmah) is rendered by AV in Jg 5™ and Ps 45" by 'needlework,' for which RV substitutes 'embroidery,' — in the former passage, however, render 'a piece of embroidery or two' for 'embroidery on both sides,' — and in Ezk IB'"- "■ " 27'- '8- 2» by 'broidered work' or 'broidered garments,' which RV retains. Similarly in connexion with certain fabrics of the Tabernacle and the high priest's girdle, for 'wrought with needlework' RV has the more literal rendering ' the work of the embroiderer ' (Ex 263s 27" 28" etc.), whom AV also introduces in 35^ 382».

An entirely different word, the real significance o( which is uncertain, is also rendered in AV by 'em-

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