EMEK-KEZIZ

broider.' 'thou Shalt embroider the coat of fine linen' (Ex 28"»), for which RV has: 'thou shalt weave the coat in chequer work ' (for which see Spinning and Weav-ing). So tor a 'broidered coat' (Ex 28*) RV has 'a coat of chequer work.'

The art of embroidery was an invention of the Baby-lonians, from whom it passed, through the medium of the Phrygians, to the Greelcs and the other nations of the West. Mummy cloths are still preserved showing that the art was also practised in Egypt. No actual specimens of Babylonian embroidery have survived, but the sculptures of Assyrian palaces, notably a sculptured figure of Ashurnazirpal. show the royal robes ornamented with borders of the most elaborate em-broidery. The various designs are discussed, with illustrations, by Perrot and Chipiez, Hist, of Art in Chaldeea and Assyria, u. 363 ff.

It, as is generally believed, the Priests' Code was compiled in Babylonia, we may trace the influence of the latter in the embroideries introduced into the Taber-naclescreens and elsewhere (reft, above). In the passages In question the work of 'the embroiderer' <,rSqim) is distinguished from, and mentioned after, the work of 'the cunning workman' (chsshib, lit. 'designer,' in Phoenician 'weaver'), who appears to have woven his designs into the fabric after the manner of tapestry (see Spinning and Weaving). The materials used by both artists were the same, linen thread dyed 'blue, purple, and scarlet,' and fine gold thread, the prepara-tion of which is minutely described. Ex 39'.

An illustration in colours of the sails which Tyre imported from Egypt, 'of fine linen with broidered work' (Ezk 27'), may be seen in the frontispiece to Wilkinson's Ancient Egyptians, vol. ii.

A. R. S. Kennedy.

EMEK-KEZIZ (Jos IS", AV 'Valley of Keziz,' mentioned among the towns of Benjamin).: — A place apparently in the Jordan Valley near Jericho. The site is unknown.

EMERALD. — See Jewels and Precious Stones.

EMERODS.— See Medicine.

ElVmvr. — Primitive inhabitants of Moab, a gigantic people of Hebrew tradition (Bephaim, Dt 2'°'-, cf. Gn 14'). J. F. McCUHDY.

EMMANUEL.— See Immanitel.

EMMATJS. — 1. A village sixty furlongs from Je-rusalem, where the risen Christ made Himself known to two disciples (Lk 24i3). There is no clue to the position of this place, and it has been sought in Kub-elbeh, N.W. of the city; in Kuloniyeh, W. of it; in Khamasah to the S. W. ; and in ' Unas to the S. The traditional site is Emmaus Nicopolis {'Amwas), W. of Jerusalem, which, however, is much too far — 20 miles — from the city.

2. Emmaus Nicopolis, now 'Amwas, on the main Jerusalem-Jafta road, the scene of the defeat of Gorgias by Judas (1 Mac S"- " 43"), held and fortified by Bacchides (1 Mac 95°). R. A. S. Macalister.

EMMER (1 Es 9") = Ezr lO"" Immer.

EMMERUTH (1 Es 5«).— A corruption of Immer in Ezr 2".

ENAIM. — A JudEean town in the Shephelah (Jos 15M 'Enam'; Gn 38", AV 'in an open place," RV 'in the gate of Enaim'; v.", AV 'openly,' RV "at Enaim'). From the narrative in Gn 38 we gather that it lay between Adullam and Timnah. The site is not identified. Conder suggests Khirbet Wady Alin, near Beth-shemesh and En-gannlm. W. Ewing.

ENAN. — Prince of Naphtall at the first census (Nu 116 22' 7"- 8» 10" P).

ENASIBUS (1 Es 9M) = Ezr 10» Eliashib. The form is probably due to reading ai as N.

ENCAMPMENT BY THE SEA.— One of the stations in

ENGLISH VERSIONS

the itinerary of the children of Israel, where they en-camped after leaving Elim, Nu 33'». If the position of Elim be in the Wady Gharandel, then the camp by the sea is on the shore Qf the Gulf of Suez, somewhere south of the point where the Wady Tayibeh opens to the coast. The curious return of the line of march to the seashore is a phenomenon that has always arrested the attention of travellers to Mt. Sinai: and if Mt. Sinai be really in the so-called Sinaitic peninsula, the camp can be located within a half-mile.

ENCHANTMENT.— See Magic Divination and Sorcery.

EN-DOR. — A town of Manasseh in the territory of Issachar (Jos 17"); the home of a woman with a familiar spirit consulted by Saul on the eve of the battle of Gilboa (1 S 28): and, according to a psalmist (83'"), the scene oi the rout of Jabin and Sisera. It is identified with Bndur, south of Tabor, where are several ancient caves. R. A. S. Macalister.

EN-EGLAIM. — A locality on the Dead Sea, mentioned along with En gedi (Ezk 47'»). It has not been identified, but is not improbably ' Ain Feshkah (Robinson, BRP ii. 489). Tristram {Bible Places, 9Z) would make it 'Ain Hajlah (Beth-hoglah). In any case, it probably lay to the N. towards the mouth ot the Jordan.

ENEMESSAR.— Name of a king of Assyria in Gr. MSS ot To 12, where the Syriac and Lat. give Shal-maneser, who is probably meant. The corruption is best accounted for by the loss ot 5ft and I and the transposition of m and n; but naturally many explanations may be offered without conviction. C. H. W. Johns.

ENENEUS (1 Es 5«).— One of the twelve leaders of the return from Babylon under Zerubbabel. The name is omitted In the parallel list in Ezr 2, which gives only eleven leaders; but answers to Nahamani, Neh 7'.

EN-GANNIM,— 1. Jos las'. A town of Judah noticed with Zanoah and Eshtaol; perhaps the ruin Umm Jina in the valley near Zanoah. 2. Jos IQ^' 21^9 (in 1 Ch 65S Anem). A town of Issachar given to the Levites; nowjenin, a town on the S. border of Esdraelon, with a fine spring, gardens, and palms. It marked the S. limit of Galilee, and appears to have been always a flourishing town.

EN-GEDI (' spring of the kid ' ) .—A place ' in the wilder-ness' in the tribe of Judah (Jos ISi^'), where David for a time was in hiding (1 S 23^9 24'). Here the Moabites and Ammonites came against Jehoshaphat (2 Ch 20^). The Shulammite compares her beloved to henna flowers in En-gedi (Ca 1"); and in Ezekiel's ideaUstio vision of the heaUng of the Dead Sea waters, a picture is drawn of fishers here spreading their nets (Ezk 47"'). An alternative name is Hazazon-tamar, found in Gn 14' and 2 Ch 20'. There is no doubt ot the identification of En-gedi with 'Ain Jidy, a spring of warm water that breaks out 330 ft. above the level of the Dead Sea, about the middle of its W. side. It once was cultivated, but is now given over to a wild semi-tropical vegetation. R. A. S. Macalister.

ENGINE. — See Fortification, etc., § 6.

ENGLISH VERSIONS .—1 . The history of the English Bible begins early in the history of the English people, though not quite at the beginning ot it, and only slowly attains to any magnitude. The Bible which was brought into the country by the first missionaries, by Aidan in the north and Augustine in the south, was the Latin Bible; and for some considerable time after the first preaching ot Christianity to the English no vernacular version would be required. Nor is there any trace of a vernacular Bible in the Celtic Church, which still existed in Wales and Ireland. The literary language of the educated minority was Latin; and the instruction of the newly converted English tribes was carried on by

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