HAMMELECH

name is probably Persian; possibly the etymology is mSA='moon' — data =' given.'

HAMMELECH occurs as a proper name in AV and RVm of Jer se^s 38», but there is little doubt that the rendering ought to be 'the king,' as in RV and AVm.

HAMMER. — See Arts and Crafts, §§ 1. 2. 3.

HAMMIPHKAD (AV Miphkad), Neh S".— See Jerusalem, ii, 4, and Miphkad.

HAMMOLECHETH ('the queen '7). — The daughter of Machir and sister of Gilead (1 Ch 7'").

HAMMON ('hot spring'). — 1. A town in Naphtali (1 Ch 6"), prob. identical with Hammath (wh. see). 2. A town in Asher (Jos 19^8). its site is uncertain.

HAMMOTH-DOB.— A Levltical city in NaphtaU (Jos 21^2), probably identical with Hammath (wh. see).

HAMMUEL.— A Simeonite of the family of Shaul (1 Ch i").

HAMMURABI. — See Assyria and Babylonia, II. 1 (6).

HAMONAH ('multitude'). — The name of a city to be built in commemoration of the defeat (7) of Gog (Ezk 3916).

HAMON-GOG ('Gog's multitude').— The name to be given to the valley (outside the Holy Land) where Gog and aU his multitude are to be buried (Ezk 39"- ").

HAMOB (' he-ass '). — Some think that the name points to a totem clan, such as there is reason to believe existed among the early Canaanite, and other Semitic, peoples. He is 'the father of Shechem' (Gn 33" 34, Jos 24'2, Jg 92s) ; but in the first and last two of these passages, the inhabitants of Shechem are called 'the sons of Hamor' and 'the men of Hamor.' It would seem, therefore, that Hamor is not to be considered an historical individual, but the eponymous ancestor of the Hamor-ites [cf. 'the sons of Heth' =the Hittites, Gn 23^, who were a branch of the Hivltes (34^); and 'the father of Shechem' means the founder of the place Shechem (cf. 1 Ch 2«»').

Gn 34 contains a composite narrative. According to P (vv.'- 2.. 4. 6. 8-10. 13-18. 20-24. 2s (parfiy) 2'-2»), Hamor negotiates with Jacob and his sons for the marriage of Shechem and Dinah, with the object of amalgamating the two peoples; circumcision is imposed by the sons of Jacob upon the whole Hamorite tribe, and then they attack the city, slaying all the males and carrying off the whole of the spoil. In the remaining verses of the chapter, the earlier narrative (J) pictures a much smaller personal affair, in which Shechem loves, and is ready to marry, Dinah; he only is circumcised, and he and Hamor alone are slain by Simeon and Levi — an incident to which Gn 49'-' appears to refer. It is probable that not only Hamor, but also Dinah, Simeon, and Levi, stand for tribes or communities. See, further, under these names.

There is a curious fusion of traditions in Ac 7", where Jacob 'and our fathers' are said to have been 'laid in the tomb which Abraham bought for a money price from the sons of Emmor in Sychem.' Abraham bought a tomb in Machpelah, not in Shechem (Gn 23i"), and Jacob was buried in it (50»3). Of the latter's sons, Joseph alone is related in the OT to have been buried in the tomb bought from the sons of Hamor (Jos 2432).

A. H. M'Neile.

HAMBAN (1 Ch !«).— An Edomite. In Gn 36» the name is more correctly given as Hemdan.

HAMUL ('spared'). — A son of Perez and grandson of Judah (Gn 46" = 1 Ch 2\ Nu 26'). The gentiUo Hamulites occurs in Nu 26".

HAMTTTAIi (2 K 233' and 24i«, Jer 52i).— Mother of the kings Jehoahaz and Zedekiah, sons of Josiah.

HAJTAMEL. — Jeremiah's cousin, the son of his uncle Shallum (Jer 32'- s. »■ 12- 44).

328

HAND

HAlfAN. — 1, One of the Levites who assisted Ezra in reading and explaining the Law to the people (Neh 8'; in 1 Es 94s Ananias); probably the same as the signatory to the covenant (lO""). 2. The son of Zaccur the son of Mattaniah, one of the four treasurers appointed by Neh. over the storehouses in which the tithes were kept (Neh 13"). 3. A Benjamite chief (1 Ch 8^). 4. The youngest son of Azel, a descendant of Saul (1 Ch 838=944). 5. One of David's mighty men (1 Oh 114»). 6. The son of Igdaliah. His sons had a chamber in the Temple (Jer 35*). 7. The head of a family of Nethinim who returned with Zerub. (Ezr 2", Neh 7"); called Anan in 1 Es 5™. 8. 9. Two of 'the chiefs of the people' who sealed the covenant (Neh

1022. 26).

HANANEL ('Bl is gracious'). — The name of a tower on the wall of Jerusalem. It is four times mentioned in OT; in Neh 3' in connexion with the repairing, and in 12'" in connexion with the dedication, of the walls; in Jer 313» and Zee 14"" as a boundary of the restored and glorified Jerusalem. In both the passages in Neh. it is coupled with the tower of Hammeah (wh. see), and some have supposed it to be identical with the latter.

HANANI. — 1. A brother, or more prob. near kins-man, of Neh., who brought tidings to Susa of the distressed condition of the Jews In. Pal. (Neh l^). Under Neh. he was made one of the governors of Jerus. (72). 2. A son of Heman (1 Ch 25«). 3. The father of Jehu the seer (1 K 16'). Hanani reproved Asa for entering into alliance with Syria, and the angry king cast him into prison (2 Ch 16'). 4. A priest of the sons of Immer who had married a foreign wife (Ezr 10^") ; called Ananias in 1 Es 9^1. 5. A chief musician men-tioned in connexion with the dedication of the walls of Jerus. (Neh 12»).

HANANIAH CJahweh has been gracious'). — 1. One of the sons of Shashak, of the tribe of Benjamin (1 Ch 824. 25). 2. One of the sons of Heman, who could 'prophesy with harps, with psalteries, and with cym-bals' (1 Ch 25'), though their special function seems to have been the use of the horn (vv.'- *• o). 3, One of king tJzziah's captains (2 Ch 26"). 4. The 'lying prophet,' son of Azzur the prophet, a Gibeonite, who was condemned by Jeremiah, in the reign of Zedekiah, for prophesying falsely. The prophecy of Hananiah was to the effect that king Jeconiah and the captives in Babylon would all return in two years' time, bringing back with them the vessels of the Lord's house which Nebuchadnezzar had carried away (cf. Dn l'- '). He expressed this in symboUc fashion by taking the ' bar ' (cf . Jer 272) from Jeremiah's neck and breaking it, with the words, 'Thus saith the Lord: Even so will I break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon within two fuU years from oft the neck of aU the nations' (Jer 28"). In reply Jeremiah declares this prophecy to be false, and that because Hananiah has made the people to trust in a lie, he will die within the year. The words of Jeremiah come to pass: Hananiah dies in the seventh month (v."). 5. Father of Zedekiah, one of the princes of Judah (Jer 36"). 6. Grandfather of Irijah, who assisted Jeremiah (37"). 7. A son of Zerubbabel (1 Ch 3"). 8. A priest, head of the house of Jeremiah, who returned with Nehemiah from Babylon (Neh 1212). 9. Governor of 'the castle,' who, together with Hanani, was ap-pointed by Nehemiah to the 'charge over Jerusalem' (Neh 72). 10. The friend of Daniel, who received the name Shadrach from the 'prince of the eunuchs' (Dn 1'- "). Several others also bear this name, but they are not of importance (see Ezr W, Neh 38- so 1023 1241; these are not necessarily all different people). W. O. E. Oesterley.

HAND is EV tr. of Heb. yad, 'the open hand,' kaph, 'the closed hand,' and Gr. cheir, 'hand.' Sometimes it is idiomatic, e.g. 'at hand' (Is 13» etc., Heb. qSrBb,