HATTUSH

HATTUSH.— 1. A priestly family that went up with Zerubbabel (Neh 12') and signed the covenant (Neh ICH).

2. A descendant of David, who returned with Ezra from Babylon (Ezr 8' (read with 1 Es 8=' 'of the sons of David, Hattush the son of Shecaniah']); see also 1 Ch 3" (but if we accept the LXX reading here, a younger Hattush must be meant). In 1 Es. the name is Attus.

3. A builder at the wall of Jerusalem (Neh S"). HAUKT. — In older English 'haunt' conveyed no

reproach, but meant simply to spend time in or frequent a place. Thus Tindale translates Jn S^ 'After these thinges cam Jesus and his disciples into the Jewes londe, and ther he haunted with them and baptized.' So 1 S 30=', Ezk 26", and the subst. in 1 S 23«i 'know and see his place where his haunt is.'

HAUBAN. — A man ' far gone in years and no less also in madness,' who endeavoured to suppress a tumult in Jerusalem provoked by the sacrileges of Lysimachus, brother of the apostate high priest Menelaus (2 Mac V).

HAUBAN ('hollow land').— The district S.E. from Mt. Hermon; in particular the fertile basin, about 50 miles square and 2000 feet above sea-level, between the Javlan and Leja. Only in Ezk 47'"- " is the name mentioned, and there as the ideal border of Canaan on the east. The modern Arabs call essentially the same district d-Hauran. The name occurs also in the ancient inscriptions of Assyria. In Graeco- Roman times the same general region was known as Auraniiis; it was bounded on the N. by Trachonitis, and on the N.W. by Gaulanitis and Batanaea. All ttiese districts belonged to Herod the Great. Upon his death they teU to Philip (Lk 3'). Troglodytes doubtless once occupied the E. portion; it is now inhabited by Druzes. The entire territory is to-day practically treeless. Geobge L. Robinson.

HAVILAH.— A son of Cush according to Gn 10', 1 Ch i; of Joktan according to Gn 10", 1 Ch 1». The river Kson (see Eden [Gakden of] ) is said to compass the land of Havilah (Gn 2"- i^), and it formed one of the limits of the region occupied by the sons of Ishmael (Gn 25'*) in which also Saul smote the Amalekites (1 S 15*). It has been suggested that it formed the N.E. part of the Syrian desert, but it may with greater probability be identified with central and N.E. Arabia.

L. W. King.

HAWOTH-JAIR.— The precise meaning of Hamoth is uncertain, but it is taken usually to mean 'tent-villages.' In Nu 32" these villages are assigned to Gilead, but in Dt 3» and Jos 13"i to Bashan. The difBculty is caused by the attempt of the editors in the last two passages to harmonize the reference in Numbers with the tradition about the sixty fortresses of 1 K 4". There is no doubt that the Jair of Numbers and the Jair of Judges are identical.

W. F. Cobb.

HAWK.— ^Some eighteen species of hawk are known to exist in Palestine. The common kestrel (,Falco HnnuTiculus) and the sparrow-hawk (Accipiter nisus) are the commonest. The traveller through the land sees them everywhere. Hawks were 'unclean' birds (Lv 11", Dt 141S). The migratory habits of many species of Palestine hawks are referred to in Job 39". E. W. G. Masterman.

HAY.— See Grass.

HAZAEL usurped the throne of Syria (c. 844 B.C.) by murdering Ben-hadad ii. (Hazael's successor was probably Ben-hadad in., the Mari' of the inscriptions.) The form and fragmentary character of the OT refer-ences to Hazael demand caution in drawing conclusions from them. According to 1 K 19", Elijah is sent to anoint Hazael king of Syria; he is regarded as Jahweh's instrument who is to punish the Baal-worshippers in Israel (v.i*). The next mention of him describes how Ben-hadad, Hazael's predecessor, who is ill, sends Hazael to Elisha, to inquire whether he will recover

HAZOR

(2 K 8™); at the interview which Hazael has with the Israelite prophet, the murder of the Syrian king is arranged, and Elisha designates Hazael as his successor on the throne. Both these passages introduce Hazael somewhat abruptly; in each case the Israelite prophet goes to Damascus; and each passage has tor its central point the question of Hazael's succeeding to the throne of Syria; these considerations (not to mention others) suggest that the passages come from different sources, and are deaUng with two accounts of the same event.

The next mention of Hazael shows him fighting at Ramoth-gilead against the allied armies of Joram, king'of Israel, and Ahaziah, king of Judah (2 K 8"- " 9"- »); the narrative here breaks off to deal with other matters, and does not say what the result of the fighting was, but from 2 K 10*™- it is clear not only that Hazael was victorious then, but that he continued to be so for a number of years (see, further, 2 K 12'™-, cf. Am. l"); indeed, it was not until his death that the Israelites were once more able to assert themselves.

^y 0) Ej C^lTR'nr'RT W

HAZAUH.— A descendant of Judah (Neh 11').

HAZAB-ADDAR. — A place on the southern border of Canaan, west of Kadesh-barnea (Nu 34'). It appears to be the same as Hezron of Jos IS', which in the latter passage is connected with but separated from Addar.

HAZAB-ENAN(once Ezk 47" Hazar-enon).— A place mentioned in Nu 349- '» as the northern boundary of Israel, and in Ezk 47" 48> as one of the ideal boundaries. It was perhaps at the sources of the Orontes. See also Hazbb-hatticon.

HAZAB-6ADDAH.— An unknown town in the extreme south of Judah (Jos 15").

HAZABMAVETH.— The eponym of a Joktanite clan (Gn 10^ = 1 Ch P"), described as a 'son' of Joktan, fifth in order from Shem. Its identity with the modern Hadramaut is certain. It was celebrated for itstrafiae in frankincense.

HAZAE-SHUAL.— A place in S. Judah (Jos 15"= 1 Ch 428) or Simeon (Jos 19*), re-peopled by Jews after the Captivity (Neh 11"). It may be the ruin Sa'weh on a bill E. of Beersheba.

HAZAB-SUSAH (in 1 Ch 4'i Hazar-susim).— A city in Simeon (Jos 195 = 1 Ch 4*'). The site is unknown. There is a ruin Susin, W. of Beersheba.

HAZAB-SUSm.— See Hazar-sdsah.

HAZAZON-TAKUB (7 ' pruning of the palm,' Gn 14'). —It is identified with En-gedi (2 Ch 20'). The name is preserved in Wady Hasaseh, N. of 'Ain Jidy. Gn 14', however, seems to place it to the S.W. of the Dead Sea.

W. EWINQ.

HAZEL (Gn 30").— See Almond.

HAZEB-HATTIOON (' the middle Hazer').- Aplace named among the boundaries of (ideal) Israel (Ezk 47"). It is described as 'by the border of Hauran.' If the MT be correct, Hazer-hatticon is quite unknown; but there can be no reasonable doubt that we ought to emend to Hazar-enon as in vv."- '* and 48'.

HAZEBm. — In AV a place-name, but rightly replaced by 'villages' in RV (Dt 2^).

J. F. M'Cdrdt.

HAZEBOTH.— A camping-ground of Israel, the second station northward in the journey from Sinai (Nu 11*« 12" 33'"-, and probably Dt 1'). It is usually identified with the beautiful wady of 'Ain el-Khadrah, about 30 miles north-east of Jebel Musa.

J. F. M'CURDT.

HAZIEL.— A Gershonite Levite (1 Ch 23»).

HAZO.— The eponym of a Nahorite clan (Gn 22"). It is no doubt identical with HazU, which along with Baza is mentioned in an inscription of Esarhaddon.

HAZOB.— 1. The city of Jabin (Jos 11' etc.), in Naphtali (Jos 19**), S. of Kedesh (1 Mao 11«»- " etc.

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