SHARUHEN
It
has
always
been
a
pasturage
of
flocka
(1
Ch
27",
Is
65").
Around
Raraleh
and
Ludd
are
forests
of
olives,
and
the
orange
gardens
of
Jaffa
are
too
well
known
to
need
more
than
a
passing
reference;
wherever
the
hand
of
man
has
been
diligent,
there
the
soil
has
bounteously
responded.
Over
a
great
part
of
the
plain,
especially
near
the
sea,
water
may
be
tapped
at
no
great
depth.
Its
rivers
are
the
marshy
Nahr
Zerka
or
Crocodile
River,
just
below
Carmel,
Nahr
el-Mutjir,
Nahr
Iskanderuneh,
and
Nahr
el-Aujeh,
the
last
mentioned
close
to
Jaffa.
The
chief
town
of
Sharon
was
in
ancient
days
Dor
(Jos
11^
12P,
1
K
4"),
in
NT
times
Cssarea,
and
in
later
Crusading
times
(1218-1291)
the
fortified
port
of
Athlit.
In
Jos
12"
Lassbaron
Is
mentioned
as
one
of
the
royal
cities
of
Canaan;
as
'the
king
of
is
omitted
in
the
original,
the
passage
may
read
'king
of
Aphek
in
the
Sharon.'
For
'rose
of
Sharon'
see
Eose.
2.
A
second
Sharon
(Saronas)
is
mentioned
by
Eusebius
and
Jerome
as
between
Mt.
Tabor
and
Tiberias,
and
this
is
to-day
represented
by
the
village
of
SarBna
in
the
Ard
el-Hamma
N.E.
of
Tabor.
This
may
be
the
place
mentioned
in
Jos
12"
(see
above).
3.
The
suburbs
(RVm
'pasture
lands')
of
Sharon
(1
Ch
5'')
are
mentioned
as
among
the
possessions
of
Gad
along
with
Gilead
and
Bashan.
E.
W.
G.
Mastekman.
SHAEUHEN.—
See
Shaaeaim,
2.
SHASHAI.
—
One
of
the
sons
of
Bani
who
had
married
a
foreign
wife,
Ezr
10"=Sesia
of
1
Es
9".
SHASHAK.—
A
Benjamite
famUy
(1
Ch
8").
SHAUL.—
1.
A
king
of
Edom.
Gn
36"'-
=1
Ch
1"'-.
2.
A
son
of
Simeon
(Gn
46>»,
Ex
6",
Nu
26",
1
Ch
4").
The
clan
of
which
he
is
the
eponym
was
of
mixed
Isr.
and
Can.
descent,
hence
Shaul
is
called
in
Gn
46>''
and
Ex
6"
'the
son
of
the
Canaanitess.'
In
Nu
26is
the
patronymic
Shaulites
occurs.
3.
An
ancestor
of
Samuel
(1
Ch
6"
(»),
called
in
v.»
(">
Joel).
SHAVEH,
VALE
OF.
—
A
broad
valley
('
imeq)
,
known
also
as
'the
king's
vale'
(Gn
14"),
which
was
near
Salem.
It
is
apparently
the
same
place
as
'the
king's
dale'
(2
S
18"),
in
which
Absalom
set
up
a
pillar
or
monument.
Shaveh
was
possibly
the
broad
open
head
of
the
valley
of
Hinnom
which,
lower
down,
contracts
to
a
ravine.
SHAVEH
-KIRIATHAIM
('
the
plain
of
Kiriathaim
')
.
—
The
place
where
the
Emim
were
smitten
by
the
allied
kings
from
the
East
(Gn
14*).
It
probably
derived
its
name
from
the
Moabite
Kiriathaim
(Nu
32",
Jos
13").
H.
L.
WiLI/ETT.
SHAVSHA
occurs
in
the
list
of
David's
officers
in
1
Ch
18"
as
'scribe'
(RVm
'secretary'),
an
office
made
necessary
by
the
growth
of
the
court
and
relations
with
other
states.
His
name,
and
the
fact
of
his
father's
not
being
mentioned,
make
it
probable
that
he
was
a
foreigner
chosen
to
deal
with
foreign
correspondence.
His
name
was
evidently
unfamiliar;
in
the
list
of
2
S
20^=
it
appears
as
Sheva;
in
that
of
8"-"
(otherwise
identical
with
Ch.)
Seraiah
has
been
substituted;
LXX
varies
greatly
in
all
passages.
It
is
generally
held
that
SMvsha
is
correct.
Apparently
in
Solomon's
time
he
was
succeeded
by
his
sons
(1
K
4'
Shisha
being
probably
only
another
varia-tion
of
the
name).
C.
W.
Emmet.
SHEAL
(Ezr
lO^').
—
One
of
those
who
had
married
a
'strange'
wife;
called
Jasaelus
in
1
Es
9"'.
SHEALTIEL
(Salathiel
of
1
Es
5=-
"■
»
6^,
AV
of
Mt
1"
and
Lk
3").—
The
father
of
Zerubbabel
(Ezr
32.
8
52,
Neh
12>,
Hag
1'-
"■
»
2^-
^).
According
to
1
Ch
3",
Shealtiel
was
the
eldest
son
of
king
Jeconiah.
In
V."
the
MT
makes
Fedaiah
(a
brother
of
Shealtiel)
the
father
of
Zerubbabel.
SHEARIAH.—
A
descendant
of
Saul
(1
Ch
8"
9«).
SHEARING-HOUSE,
THE.—
A
place
at
which
Jehu,
on
his
way
from
Jezreel
to
Samaria,
met
and
slew
the
brethren
of
Ahaziah,
kmg
of
Judah
(2
K
lO'^-
»)
SHEBA
Possibly
the
original
should
be
left
untranslated
and
appear
as
a
place-name
Beth-eked,
which
has
not
been
identified.
SHEAR-JASHUB
('a
remnant
shall
return,'
Is
7=).
—
A
symbolical
name
given
to
a
son
of
Isaiah
to
signify
the
return
of
the
remnant
to
God
after
the
punishment
at
the
hands
of
the
Assyrians.
See
8"
lO'"-
=',
and
cf.
7"
8'-*,
and
art.
Isaiah,
p.
387i'.
SHEATH.
—
See
Aemoxjk
Arms,
1
(c).
SHEBA.
—
1.
The
OT
name
for
the
people
and
country
of
the
Sabseans
in
S.W.
Arabia,
the
modern
Yemen.
In
Gen.
and
Chron.
the
racial
relationships
of
the
people
are
diversely
given.
Gn
10'
(P)
and
1
Ch
1»
make
them
Hamites,
Gn
W'
(J)
Semites.
Again,
whilst
Gn
10"
has
Joktan
as
the
immediate
ancestor
of
Sheba,
Gn
25'
has
Jokshan.
These
discrepancies
are
suffi-ciently
accounted
for
by
the
extensive
commerce
of
the
Sabseans,
the
number
of
their
settlements
in
distant
regions,
and
the
connexions
which
they
were
thus
led
to
form.
The
language
and
script
of
Abyssinia,
for
instance,
prove
that
a
Sabsean
colony
was
established
there;
hence
the
genealogy
in
Gn
10'.
The
following
are
the
salient
points
in
the
infor-mation
which
the
OT
gives
us.
The
country
was
rich
in
gold
(Ps
72")
and
incense
(Jer
&');
the
people
were
great
traders
(Ezk
2722'-),
dealing
in
costly
wares
(Ezk
38");
their
caravans
were
well
known
throughout
the
East
(Job
6");
they
were
given
to
raiding
(Job
1"),
possibly
uniting
trade
and
robbery,
when
convenient
(ct.
Odyss.
XY.
415
ff.)
;
a,nd
they
were
not
averse
to
the
slave-
trade
(Jl
3*);
eventually,
it
was
hoped,
they
would
be-come
tributaries
of
Israel
(Is
60»,
Ps
72").
The
notices
in
Greek
and
Latin
authors
correspond
with
the
Biblical
statements.
Strabo,
e.g.,
mentions
myrrh,
incense,
cinnamon,
balsam,
amongst
the
products
of
the
land,
and
states
that
their
commerce
made
tnem
exceedingly
wealthy;
that
they
had
abundant
furniture
of
gold
and
silver,
beds,
tables,
bowls,
cups,
in
costly
houses.
The
panels,
walls,
and
ceilings
were
adorned
with
ivory,
gold,
silver,
mosaics.
He
affirms
that
they
frequently
laid
waste
the
Syrian
desert.
The
Sabseans
are
also
mentioned
in
Assyrian
inscriptions
.
Tiglath-pileser
in.
(b.c.
745-727)
enumerates
the
articles
which
he
received
from
them
in
tribute:
'gold,
silver,
camels,
female
camels,
spices
of
all
sorts.'
In
an
inscription
of
B.C.
707,
Sargon
declares
that
he
'
received
the
tribute
of
Pir'u,
king
of
the
land
of
Musuru
(Egypt),
Samse.
queen
of
the
land
of
Aribu
(Arabia),
It'amara,
king
of
the
land
of
the
Saba'aa
(Sabseans),
gold,
products
of
the
mountains,
horses,
camels.'
During
the
19th
century
a
few
European
travellers
succeeded
in
penetrating
Yemen
and
bringing
back
a
moderately
full
account
of
its
natural
features,
and
a
large
amount
of
material
for
reconstructing
its
history.
It
is
incomparably
superior
to
the
rest
of
Arabia,
both
in
climate
and
in
soil.
The
central
district
is
a
highland
region,
with
mountains
some
8000
ft.
above
the
sea
level.
Fertile
valleys
branch
out
from
the
hills,
'well
timbered
in
places,
and
threaded
by
silvery
streams
of
dancing
waters;
sloping
fields,
gay
with
crops
and
wild
flowers;
terraced
or
jungle-covered
slopes.'
Here
are
grown
the
best
vines
that
Arabia
produces.
The
air
is
pure
and
comparatively
cool.
The
present
capital
is
Sana,
a
town
of
about
20,000
inhabitants,
on
the
southernmost
of
three
great
plateaux.
The
ancient
capital,
Marib,
N.E.
of
Sana,
lies
between
the
rich
valleys
of
the
west
and
the
'wadys
of
Hadramaut,
which
were
the
sources
of
Arabian
gum.'
Inscriptions
relating
to
the
Sabsean
kingdom
have
been
found
in
various
parts
of
the
Arabian
peninsula.
They
are
written
in
a
dialect
which
closely
resembles
Ethiopic,
but
there
are
no
vowel
letters,
or
modifications
of
the
consonants,
to
indicate
vowel
sounds.
Many
come
from
the
vicinity
of
Marib,
where
the
ruins
are
of
astonishing
extent.
The
remains
of
its
great
dam,
in
particular,
are
very
striking:
a
gigantic
wall,
two
miles
long
and
175
paces
wide,
was
built
to
connect
two
