SHAMGAE
The
return
of
shame
Is
a
sign
of
true
repentance:
'
then
Shalt
thou
remember
thy
ways
and
be
ashamed'
(£zk
16",
cf.
Ezr
9«).
2.
The
consciousness
of
shame
varies
with
the
con-ventional
standards
adopted
in
any
society.
For
example,
poverty
(Pr
13"),
leprosy
(Nu
12"),
widow-hood
(Is
54*)
may
be
viewed
as
involving
'shame,'
though
there
is
no
blame.
In
the
sense
of
violation
of
propriety
St.
Paul
applies
the
word
to
men
who
wear
their
hair
long
and
to
women
who
wear
it
short
(1
Co
11»-
»,
cf.
6>
14»);
Dy
i^n
analogous
adaptation
of
its
meaning
he
describes
God's
ideal
'workman'
as
one
'that
needeth
not
to
be
ashamed'
(2
Ti
2").
3.
In
the
NT
sin
is
pre-eminently
the
shameful
thing
(Ro
6^,
Ph
S",
Eph
5«,
Jude
",
1
Jn
2'^;
cf.
3').
But
the
distinguishing
characteristic
of
the
early
Christian
use
of
the
word
is
'
the
trans
valuation
of
values.'
'
Jesus,
the
author
and
perfecter
of
faith,
.
.
.
endured
the
cross,
despising
shame'
(He
12^.
When
St.
Paul
says
'I
am
not
ashamed
of
the
gospel'
(Ro
1"),
by
a
well-
known
figure
of
speech
his
negative
statement
emphati-cally
asserts
his
positive
glorying
(Gal
6").
To
'suffer
as
a
Christian'
and
'not
(to)
be
ashamed'
is
to
'glorify
God'
(1
P
4";
cf.
2
Ti
l*'-
"■
").
The
same
heightening
of
the
contrast
is
implied
when,
on
the
one
hand,
the
Son
of
Man
declares
that
in
the
day
of
judgment
He
will
be
ashamed
of
all
who
are
now
ashamed
of
Him
and
of
His
words
(Mk
8",
Lk
Q");
and
on
the
other
hand,
St.
John's
assurance
is
that
those
who
abide
in
Christ
'may
have
boldness
and
not
be
ashamed
before
him
at
his
coming'
(1
Jn
2*8).
Of
them
who
desire
a
heavenly
country
'God
is
not
ashamed
...
to
be
called
their
God';
tor
the
city
He
has
prepared,
they
are
being
prepared
by
the
sanctifying
grace
of
Him
'
who
is
not
ashamed
to
call
them
brethren
'
(He
1
1"
2").
J.
G.
Tasker.
SHAHGAR
smote
600
Philistines
with
an
ox-goad
(Jg
3^').
There
is
no
mention
of
his
judging
Israel,
or
of
the
duration
of
his
influence.
The
exploit
belongs
to
the
latest
redaction
of
the
book;
4'
continues
the
story
of
3'".
Nothing
is
known
of
any
Philistine
dominion
at
so
early
a
period,
and
in
some
Gr.
MSS
the
verse
follows
16".
His
exploit
resembles
that
of
Sham-
mah
In
2
S
23"
(cf.
21"'-'"),
and
may
have
been
attached
to
him
as
an
expansion
of
the
reference
in
the
song
of
Deborah
(Jg
5').
There,
however,
he
appears
to
be
a
foreign
oppressor,
and
the
connexion
of
the
two
passages
is
obscure,
the
song
having
to
do
with
Canaanite
oppres-sion
in
the
North.
The
name
is
foreign,
Hittite
or
Assyrian.
He
is
the
'son
of
Anath.'
Anati
occurs
in
the
Tell
el-Amarna
tablets,
and
Anatu
is
an
Assyr.
goddess,
traces
of
whose
worship
are
found
in
Egypt,
Phoenicia,
and
Syria
(cf
.
place-names
Beth-anath
[Jg
1"],
Beth-anoth
[Jos
155']).
The
names
are
important
as
showing
Baby-lonian
influence
after
the
period
of
the
Tell-el-Amarna
tablets.
C.
W.
Emmet.
SHAMHUTH.—
See
Bhammah,
4.
SHAMIR.—
1.
A
Kohathite
(1
Ch
24").
2.
A
town
in
the
hill-country
of
Judah
(Jos
15").
It
is
perhaps
Khwrbet
SSmerah,
west
of
DebU.
3.
The
home
and
burial-place
of
Tola
(Jg
10'-
').
The
site
Is
uncertain.
SHAMLAI.—
See
Salmai.
SHAUMA.—
An
Asherite
(1
Ch
7").
SHAUMAH.
—
1.
Son
of
Reuel,
son
of
Esau,
a
tribal
chief
(Gn
36").
2.
Third
son
of
Jesse,
present
when
Samuel
sought
a
successor
to
Saul
(1
S
16');
with
Saul
in
the
battlefield
when
David
visited
the
camp
(17").
He
is
the
same
as
Shimeah,
father
of
Jonadab
(2
S
13^),
the
Shimea
of
1
Ch
2",
and
the
Shimei,
father
of
Jonathan
who
slew
the
giant
(2
S
21").
In
1
Ch
20'
Jonathan
is
called
son
of
Shimea.
3.
Son
of
Agee,
a
Hararite,
one
of
the
three
mighty
men
of
David.
Alone
he
held
the
field
against
the
Philistines
(2
S
23").
The
parallel
passage,
1
Ch
11'°'-,
wrongly
attributes
the
feat
to
SHARON
Eleazar.
He
is
probably
identical
with
'Shammah,
the
Harodite
'
(Hararite)
of
2
S
23=5.
V."
should
read
'Jonathan
son
of
Shammah,
the
Hararite.'
In
1
Ch
11",
'son
of
Shage
'
Is
probably
confused
with
'son
of
Agee.'
Read,
with
Lucian,
'son
of
Jonathan.'
Shimei,
son
of
Ela
(1
K
4"),
should
also
appear
here
if
we
accept
Lucian's
reading
of
'Ela'
for
'Agee'
(2
S
23").
4.
An
officer
in
David's
employ,
called
Shammoth
in
1
Ch
1
1",
and
Shamhuth
in
1
Ch
27«.
Probably
the
same
as
No.
3.
J.
H.
Stevenson.
SHAMMAI.—
1.
A
Jerahmeelite
(1
Ch
2^').
2.
The
'son'
of
Rekem
and
'father'
of
Maon
(1
Ch
2<").
3.
A
Judahite
(1
Ch
4").
SHAMMOTH.—
See
Shammah,
4.
SHAMMUA.—
1.
The
Reubenite
spy
(Nu
13<).
2.
One
of
David's
sons
(2
S
5»,
1
Ch
14<;
called
in
1
Ch
3=
Shimea).
3.
A
Levite
(Neh
11")
=Shemaiah
of
1
Ch
9'=.
4.
The
head
of
a
priestly
family
(Neh
12").
SHAMSHERAI.—
A
Benjamite
(1
Ch
8").
SHAPHAM.—
A
Gadite
(1
Ch
5").
SHAPHAN
('coney'
or
'rock-badger';
an
old
totem
clan-name
—
so
W.
R.
Smith).
—
1.
'The
scribe'
(secretary
of
state)
of
Josiah
in
621
b.c,
'
son
of
Azaliah,'
who
laid
before
the
king
the
law-book
discovered
by
Hil-kiah
(wh.
see)
in
the
Temple
(2
K
22^-"
=2
Ch
34»-i8).
Shaphan
appears
to
have
been
the
chief
lay
leader
in
the
execution
of
Josiah's
reforms.
His
family
for
two
following
generations
played
a
worthy
part
as
servants
of
Jehovah,
and
friends
of
the
prophet
Jeremiah:
the
Ahikam
of
2
K
2212-"
(
=
2
Ch
342»-»)
and
Jer
26",
the
Gemariah
of
Jer
36'^-
^,
and
Elasah
(Jer
29^)
were
Shaphan's
sons;
the
Micaiah
of
Jer
36"-
",
and
Gedaliah
(wh.
see),
whom
the
Chaldaeans
made
governor
of
Judaea
after
the
Captivity
of
586
b.c,
his
grandsons.
2.
The
'Jaazaniah,
son
of
Shaphan,'
denounced
in
Ezk
8"
as
ringleader
in
idolatry,
was
possibly,
but
not
certainly,
a
son
of
the
same
Shaphan.
G.
G.
Findlay.
SHAPHAT.—
1.
The
Simeonite
spy
(Nu
13').
2.
The
father
of
Elisha
(1
K
19"-
",
2
K
3"
6").
3.
A
name
in
the
royal
genealogy
of
Judah
(1
Ch
3^).
4.
A
Gadite
(1
Ch
512).
5.
One
of
David's
herdmen
(1
Ch
272').
SHAPHIR.—
A
city,
probably
on
the
Philistine
plain
(Mic
1").
It
has
been
located
by
some
a
few
miles
S.E.
of
Ashdod.
Attempts
have
been
made
to
identify
it
with
the
Shamir
of
Jos
15".
H.
L.
Willett.
SHARAI.
—
One
of
those
who
had
married
a
foreign
wife
(Ezr
10<").
SHARAR.—
See
Sacab.
SHAREZER
would
answer
to
the
Assyr.
Shar-umr,
'preserve
the
king,'
but
that
is
only
part
of
a
name.
1.
It
is
given
2
K
19"=Is
37*'
as
the
name
of
a
son
of
Sennacherib
who
with
Adrammelech
(which
see)
murdered
his
father.
Shar-etir-Ashur
was
the
name
of
a
son
of
Sennacherib,
who
in
a
fragmentary
letter
is
addressed
as
monarch,
about
the
time
of
Esarhaddon's
reign.
The
name
might
give
rise
to
Sharezer.
At
present,
however,
the
Assyrian
accounts
mention
only
one
murderer,
and
do
not
name
him.
A
satis-factory
explanation
of
the
Hebrew
narrative
is
yet
to
be
found.
2.
Sharezer
(the
name
is
prob.
incomplete)
appears
in
Zee
7"
as
one
of
a
deputation
sent
to
consult
the
spiritual
heads
of
the
Jewish
community.
0.
H.
W.
Johns.
SHARON.—
1.
ha-sJiarSn,
lit.
'the
plain,'
1
Ch
272»,
Ca
2',
Is
33"
352
65'»;
Gr.
ho
SarSn,
whence
AV
Saron,
Ac
9».
This
is
the
great
Maritime
Plain
extending
from
Jaffa,
or
a
little
south
of
it,
to
Mount
Carmel
in
the
north.
Though
called
a
plain,
it
is
of
an
undulating
character,
and
was
in
parts,
particularly
towards
the
N.,
a
forest
of
oaks
(Is
35'').
Although
but
poorly
cultivated,
it
has
a
great
depth
of
rich
soil
and
is
capable
of
much
development;
left
now
largely
to
weeds,
it
yields
annually
a
magnificent
crop
of
beautiful
wild
flowers.
