ZACHARY
to
a
scribe,
who
perhaps
was
misled
by
the
mention
by
Josephus
of
a
'
Zacharias
son
of
Baruch,'
murdered
in
the
Temple
by
the
Zealots
{BJ
iv.
v.
4).
Origen's
guess
that
the
father
of
the
Baptist
is
meant
is
scarcely
tenable.
_.>.n.«„
A.
J.
Maclean.
ZACHART
(2
Es
l'»)
=Zechariah
the
prophet.
ZADOK.—
1.
Founder
of
an
important
branch
of
the
priesthood
in
Jerusalem.
The
reading
of
MT
in
2
S
8"
(=
1
Ch
18")
being
doubtful,
there
is
no
definite
information
concerning
his
family
except
in
the
genea-logical
lists
in
1
Ch
6«-"-
5»-'»
24«,
in
which
his
descent
is
traced
from
Eleazar
the
elder
son
of
Aaron;
but
these
details
are
of
doubtful
reliability.
He
is
first
mentioned
In
2
S
8",
where
perhaps
he
should
be
associated
with
Abiathar
in
the
correct
text,
as
he
is
in
2
S
IS""-.
He
was
appointed
priest
by
Solomon
in
place
of
Abiathar
(1
K
2»'-
«),
because
of
his
own
loyalty
(1
K
!«)
and
the
disloyalty
of
Abiathar
(v.').
From
this
it
is
evident
that
his
position
hitherto
had
been
inferior
to
that
of
Abiathar,
although
his
name
regularly
has
the
prece-dence
in
Samuel.
From
the
time
of
Solomon
the
de-scendants
of
Zadok
constituted
the
most
prominent
family
among
the
priests,
the
high
priests
being
taken
from
them
till
the
time
of
the
Maccabees.
To
Ezekiel
the
Zadokites
are
the
only
legitimate
priests
(40*«
4319
4415
4SU).
2.
A
warrior
of
David's,
of
the
house
of
Aaron
(1
Ch
12«8),
identified
by
Josephus
(.Ant.
vii.
ii.
2)
with
1,
against
all
probability.
3.
Maternal
grandfather
of
Jotham
(2
K
15»,
2
Ch
27').
4.
Son
of
Baanah
(see
Ezr
22,
Neb
7').
a
helper
of
Nehemiah
in
re-building
the
wall
(Neh
3').
6.
Son
of
Immer,
repairer
of
a
portion
of
the
wall
(Neh
3»).
6.
'The
scribe,'
probably
a
priest,
appointed
a
treasurer
by
Nehemiah
(Neh
13")
;
perhaps
to
be
identified
with
5.
7.
One
of
the
'chiefs
of
the
people'
who
sealed
the
covenant
(Neh
10*').
8.
A
high
priest
later
than
1
(1
Ch
6"
[cf.
Ezr
7\
Neh
11"]—
a
passage
of
doubtful
historicity).
9.
An
ancestor
of
Joseph
the
husband
of
Mary
(Mt
1»
[AV
and
RV
Sadoc]).
George
R.
Bebby.
ZAHAM.—
A
son
of
Rehoboam
(2
Ch
IV).
ZAIN.
—
The
seventh
letter
of
the
Hebrew
alphabet,
and
as
such
employed
in
the
119th
Psalm
to
designate
the
7th
part,
each
verse
of
which
begins
with
this
letter,
ZAIB.
—
According
to
the
MT
of
2
K
8",
Joram,
in
the
course
of
his
campaign
against
Edom,
'
passed
over
to
Zair."
In
the
parallel
passage,
2
Ch
21',
the
Heb.
is
'passed
over
with
his
princes,'
which
may
be
confidently
pronounced
to
be
a
corruption
of
the
text
in
Kings.
The
latter
itself
is
unfortunately
not
certain
—
so
that
the
identification
of
the
place
in
question
is
impossible.
ZALAPH.—
The
father
of
Hanun
(Neh
3»»).
ZAUHON.—
1
.
The
hill
near
Shechem
where
Ablmelech
and
his
followers
cut
wood
for
the
burning
down
of
the
stronghold
of
Baal-berith
(Jg
9").
Possibly
the
same
mountain
is
meant
in
Ps
68",
where
a
snow-storm
is
apparently
referred
to
as
contributing
to
the
scattering
of
'
kings
'
opposed
to
the
people
of
Jehovah.
As
the
Psalm
refers
to
incidents
of
wars
not
related
in
the
canonical
books,
we
have
to
look
to
the
times
of
the
Maccabees;
and
the
most
obvious
allusion
is
to
the
retreat
of
the
army
of
Tryphon
in
b.c.
143,
when
he
attempted
to
relieve
the
Syrian
garrison
in
Jerusalem
and
was'prevented
by
a
heavy
fall
of
snow
(1
Mac
13^).
2.
See
Ilai.
J.
F.
McCuhdy.
ZALMONAH.
—
An
unidentified
'station'
of
the
Israelites
(Nu
33"').
ZAUHTTNNA.—
See
Zebas.
ZAMBRI
(1
Es
9")
=Ezr
10«
Amariah.
ZAMOTH
(1
Es
928)
=Ezr
10"
Zattu.
ZAmZTnHMIK.
—
A
name
given
by
the
conquering
Ammonites
to
the
Bephaim,
the
original
inhabitants
of
the
land
(Dt
2").
They
are
described
as
a
people
'great
and
many
and
tall
like
the
Anakim'
(see
art.
ZAZA
Rephaim).
The
name
Zamzummim
has
been
con-nected
with
Arab,
zamzamah
'a
distant
and
confused
noise,'
and
with
zizim,
the
sound
of
the
jinn
heard
in
the
desert
at
night.
The
word
may
thus
perhaps
be
trans-lated
'Whisperers,'
'Murmurers,'
and
may
denote
the
spirits
of
the
giants
supposed
to
haunt
the
hills
and
ruins
of
Eastern
Palestine
(cf.
art.
Zuzim).
W.
F.
Boyd.
ZANOAH.—
1.
A
town
in
the
Shephelah
(Jos
15",
Neh
3"
11"»,
1
Ch
4'8).
It
is
the
modern
Zanu'a,
S.E.
of
Zoreah.
2.
A
place
in
the
mountains
(Jos
IS'"),
possibly
Zannta
S.W.
of
Hebron.
ZAPHENATH-PANEAH.—
The
name
given
by
Pharaoh
to
Joseph
(Gn
41").
It
should
evidently
be
read
Ze-p-net-e-f-'onkh,
meaning
in
Egyp.
'God
hath
said
he
liveth
'
—
a
common
type
of
Egyp.
name
in
late
times
(see
Phabaoh,
2,
and
cf.
Joseph,
p.
495").
F.
Ll.
Geiffith.
ZAPHOK
('north').
—
A
city
E.
of
Jordan,
assigned
to
Gad
(Jos
13").
It
is
named
also
in
Jg
12>,
where
ZaplOnah
should
be
rendered
'to
Zaphon'
(RVm)
instead
of
'northward'
(AV
and
RV).
Possibly
the
Talmudic
tradition
is
correct
which
identifies
Zaphon
with
Amathus,
the
modern
'AmOteh,
a
little
north
of
the
Jabbok,
at
the
mouth
of
WUdy
er-Riigeib.
Zaphon
is
probably
connected
with
Ziphion
(Gn
46"),
or
(more
correctly)
ZSphon.
with
gentilic
name
Zephonites
(Nu
26'5),
described
as
a
'son'
of
Gad.
ZABAIAS.—
1.
1
Es
58=Seraiah,
Ezr
2';
Azariah,
Neh
7'.
2.
1
Es
S\
one
of
the
ancestors
of
Ezra,
called
Zerahiah,
Ezr
7*,
and
Ama,
2
Es
1^.
3.
l
Es
83'
=
Zerahiah,
the
father
of
Ellehoenai,
Ezr
8'.
4.
1
Es
8"
=Zebadiah,
Ezr
88.
ZABAKES.—
CaUed
in
1
Es
1=«
brother
of
Joakimor
Jehoiakim,
king
of
Judah,
and
said
to
have
been
brought
up
out
of
Egypt
by
him.
The
name
apparently
is
a
corruption,
through
confusion
of
Heb.
d
and
r,
of
Zedekiah,
who
was
a
brother
of
Jehoiakim
(2
K
24").
The
verse
of
1
Es.
is
entirely
different
from
the
corre-sponding
passage
in
2
Ch
36*'>.
ZABDEUS
(1
Es
9^8)
=Bzr
10"
Aziza.
ZAREPHATH.—
The
Arab.
viUage
of
Sarafend
lies
on
a
promontory
about
eight
miles
south
of
Zidon.
On
the
shore
in
front
of
it
are
the
scattered
remains
of
what
must
have
been
a
considerable
town,
the
Zarephath
or
Sarepta
of
the
Bible.
Zarephath
originally
belonged
to
Zidon
(1
K
17'),
but
passed
into
the
possession
of
Tyre
after
the
assistance
rendered
by
the
fleet
of
Zidon
to
Shalmaneser
iv.
in
b.c.
722
in
his
abortive
attempt
to
capture
insular
Tyre.
In
Lk
428
it
jg
again
called
a
city
of
Sidon
(RV
'in
the
land
of
Sidon
').
Zarephath
is
in-cluded
in
the
list
of
towns
captured
by
Sennacherib
when
he
invaded
Phoenicia
in
b.c.
701.
It
was
the
town
in
which
Elijah
lodged
during
the
years
of
famine
(1
K
178-^).
ZABETHAN
(Jos
3",
1
K
412
7").—
Three
readings
of
this
name
appear,
the
other
,two
being
Zeredah
(1
K
1128,
2
Ch
4")
and
Zererah
(Jg
722).
It
is
probable
that
all
three
names
refer
to
the
same
place,
and
that
it
must
be
sought
near
a
ford
of
the
Jordan
on
the
W.
side.
The
most
probable
spot
is
near
the
Jisr
ed-Damieh
at
the
junction
of
the
Jabbok
and
the
Jordan.
H.
L.
WlIiLETT.
ZATHOES,
1
Es
8=2,
probably
stands
for
Zattu.
The
name
does
not
appear
in
the
Heb.
of
the
corresponding
passage
Ezr
88,
to
be
corrected
from
1
Es.
so
as
to
run
'
Of
the
sons
of
Zattu,
Shecaniah
the
son
of
Jahaziel.'
ZATHUI
(1
Es
512)
=Zattu,
Ezr
28,
Neh
718;
caUed
also
Zathoes,
1
Es
882.
ZATTU.—
A
family
of
exiles
that
returned
(Ezr
2«
=
Neh
718
[1
Es
512
Zathui]);
several
members
of
this
family
had
married
foreign
wives
(Ezr
102'
[1
Es
928
ZamothJ);
its
head
sealed
the
covenant
(Neh
10"
cs)).
See
also
Zathoes.
ZAZA.—
A
Jerahmeelite
(1
Ch
288).
